This review describes applications of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to the determination of long-lived radionuclides in environmental samples. Simultaneous determination of 232Th and 238U in biological samples is described in detail; in this procedure an internal standard, Tl or Bi, is adopted for correction of the matrix effect. Determination of 237Np in soil samples by...

One of the beneficial features of inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is its ability to measure multiple isotopes of the same element. This ability is useful in many analyses, primarily as confirmation of a correct answer (i.e. if two isotopes of the same element give the same result, the result is most likely correct) or the ability to select another analytical isotope, if an interf...

A new microfabrication technique, mass transport, has made possible the development of a new breed of semiconductor laser devices. Mass-transported buried-heterostructure GaInAsP lasers are ideally suited for application in optical-fiber communication systems. In fact, the technology for mass-transported buried-heterostructure lasers has been transferred to a commercial fabricator, and these la...

This study is an attempt to understand the mechanism driving programs of journalism and mass communication to converge media sequences. The study also describes the extent and variation of these changes. Findings from a national survey show that a majority of programs are at least experimenting with convergence, though most are also maintaining specialized tracks in some form. Findings also sug...

The mass media are intensively employed in public health. Vast sums are spent annually for materials and salaries that have gone into the production and distribution of booklets, pamphlets, exhibits, newspaper articles, and radio and television programs. These media are employed at all levels of public health in the hope that three effects might occur: the learning of correct health information...

Because the medical content of the mass media significantly affects public attitudes and behavior, physicians should participate more fully as critics and sources of that content. Attempts to sway audiences with medical information alone are often unsuccessful. Communication is more likely to be effective when it offers people something they want, such as satisfaction of a need or legitimation ...

how does a journalist or an editor decide which news is worthy and which is not? according to some media researchers, they refer to a set of news values. one of the best known lists of such news values have been supplied by johan galtung and marie h. ruge. an analytical discussion on news values always refers to this list, which initially intended to cover international events. these factors i...

because of the newness of information technology (it) and internet in the world, and because of intrinsic constraint of multimedia and traditional news systems such as: newspaper, bulletin, radio and television in interactive communication, diffusion of news and information in internet has possessed special situation. but it is possible sometimes that the use of internet doesn’t achieve anticip...