In order to improve our understanding of situation awareness (SA) in teams performing in technologically advanced command, control, and communications (C3) operations, researchers need to develop valid approaches to assess both individual and shared SA. We investigated SA in an interdisciplinary military rescue operation training exercise. For this study, we developed procedures to measure the ...

Linköping University Differences in situational awareness and how to manage them in development of complex systems Abstract What's up, Doc? Situational awareness (SA) is about being aware of what is going on. Already when a complex system is developed there is an opportunity to help a future user of the system to form a better SA. Let us make the best out of this opportunity! When assessing SA,...

ABSTRACT The role of bacterially produced salicylic acid (SA) in the induction of systemic resistance in plants by rhizobacteria is far from clear. The strong SA producer Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS374r induces resistance in radish but not in Arabidopsis thaliana, whereas application of SA leads to induction of resistance in both plant species. In this study, we compared P. fluorescens WCS374r ...

BACKGROUND Spinal anesthesia (SA) is the most common regional anesthesia (RA) conducted for many surgical procedures. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to predict the difficulty score of SA, by which to reduce the complications and ultimately improve the anesthesia quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transurethral Lithotripsy (TUL) surgery candidates were enrolled in this observational study fr...

Determinants of streptococcin A-FF22 (SA) production and host cell immunity have been transduced to three serologically distinct Group A streptococci. Streptomycin resistance markers were not cotransducible with bacteriocin determinants. SA+ transductants of strains unrelated to the parent SA+ strain were unstable but SA+ transductants of a spontaneous SA- derivative of the parent appeared to b...

Results In the comparison between stable SA and symptomatic SA, stable SA was associated with higher levels of eosinophils (p<0.05), T-helper type-2 cells (p<0.05) and macrophages (p<0.01). The remaining cell types analysed; T-helper cells, T-cytotoxic cells, B-cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils, basophils and mast cells tended to be lower in symptomatic SA compared with stable SA, althou...

Small ubiquitin-like modifier proteases 1 and 2 (SUMO1/2) have been linked to the regulation of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defence signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana. In order to define the role of the SUMO proteases OVERLY TOLERANT TO SALT1 and -2 (OTS1/2) in defence and to provide insight into SUMO1/2-mediated regulation of SA signalling, we examined the status of SA-mediated defences in ot...

Removal of cargos from the cell surface via endocytosis is an efficient mechanism to regulate activities of plasma membrane (PM)-resident proteins, such as receptors or transporters. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant hormone that is traditionally associated with pathogen defense. Here, we describe an unanticipated effect of SA on subcellular endocytic cycling of proteins. Both exogenous...

We investigated the role of the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway in defense responses of tomato plants to the herbivore, cotton bollworm. After exposure to the cotton bollworm, tomato leaves rapidly accumulated a high level of SA. The transcription of PR1 and BGL2 genes, the marker genes of SA pathway, was up-regulated. An enhanced endogenous SA level was accompanied by an increase in the ...

We investigated the role of the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway in defense responses of tomato plants to the herbivore, cotton bollworm. After exposure to the cotton bollworm, tomato leaves rapidly accumulated a high level of SA. The transcription of PR1 and BGL2 genes, the marker genes of SA pathway, was up-regulated. An enhanced endogenous SA level was accompanied by an increase in the ...