this study seeks to examine how teachers’ educational background (those who have educated in tefl in comparison to those who have educated in literature) may influence their beliefs and attitudes on language learning, teaching and the teaching methods they apply in their classes. on a general basis, depending on teachers’ opinion, learning process might be seen as behavioristic, inductive, inte...

This study investigates how expert and novice map users’ attention is influenced by the design characteristics of 2D web maps building sharing a framework to analyze large volumes eye tracking data. Our goal respond following research questions: (i) which landmarks are easily remembered? (memorability), (ii) task difficulty recognition performance associated? (task difficulty), (iii) do experts...

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We present a recurrent multimodal model of binding written words to mental objects and investigate the capability of the network in reading misspelt but categorically related words. Our model consists of three mutually interconnected association modules which store mental objects, represent their written names and bind these together to form mental concepts. A feedback gain controlling top-down...

A brain-damaged subject is described whose pattern of performance in various reading tasks can be explained by proposing damage at a level of the word recognition process in which a representation with stimulus-centered, rather than retinal- or word-centered, coordinates is processed. Analysis of her reading performance as a function of topographical arrangement of letters, position of errors i...

this study was an attempt to investigate whether teaching critical reading strategies had any significant effect on intermediate efl learners’ vocabulary retention. to fulfill the purpose of this study, 72 male and female students within the age range of 17 to 32 years studying at farzan and farzanegan language schools in tehran at intermediate level were selected from a total number of 114 par...

Map would be the most critical information in daily real-world activities. Due to the advance of the Web and digital map processing techniques, we can now easily find various maps of different presentations appropriate to diverse user purposes such as trivial searching for a restaurant or consulting a path during a trip. However, maps served by today’s representative map search engines such as ...

We have shown earlier that analysis of DNA sequences using a two-dimensional graphical representation provides considerable information on new global sequence patterns and homologies, repeated structures, relative base abundances, probable evolutionary paths and evolutionary divergence. We have also reported that at a more micro level the graphical representation reveals distinct differences in...

Monitoring changes in the Earth’s gravity field for terrestrial water storage change (soil moisture, ground water, snow etc.) is a relatively new and novel concept that has been inspired by the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission. GRACE will soon be providing time varying maps of the Earth’s gravity. However, there has been no field based study to demonstrate that ...