The difficult current economic climate is riddled with change and uncertainty, and the hospital industry is not immune to the effects. In fact hospitals face an unprecedented series of challenges, including poor economic conditions, increasing competition, and greater reporting requirements. On top of these issues, the healthcare reform law looms, with a great deal of perplexity regarding its u...

Environmental scanning, the radar to detect environmental signals, is serving as an effective way for organizations to cope with uncertainties and formulate adaptive strategies. Strategists and strategic management scholars also believe that effective environmental scanning would help organizations to achieve better alignment with rapidly changing external factors and hence improve their perfor...

Here are many situations in real applications of decision making where we deal with uncertain conditions.  Due to the different sources of uncertainty,  since its original definition of fuzzy sets in 1965 cite{zadeh1965},  different generalizations and extensions of fuzzy sets have been introduced: Type-2 fuzzy sets cite{6,13}, Intuitionistic fuzzy sets cite{1}, fuzzy multi-sets cite{37} and et...

Chief information managers (CIOs) lead IT organizations in a changing and uncertain competitive environment. IT managers deal with external environmental changes, changing internal customer needs, and rapid technology changes. Studies suggest that to manage change and prepare for uncertainty, IT leaders should create an organization that is more flexible. The authors propose in this conceptual ...

Short-term production plans are the basis for operational mine production schedules. They concentrate on making long-term mine plans operationally feasible. Furthermore, some variables such as ore grade and tonnage govern mine production systems and cause uncertainty in the supply of raw materials to the mills. Due to the quality variation of material, short-term production optimization is an u...