Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is the only source for de novo production of the four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) building blocks needed for DNA synthesis and repair. It is crucial that these dNTP pools are carefully balanced, since mutation rates increase when dNTP levels are either unbalanced or elevated. RNR is the major player in this homeostasis, and with its four different subs...

Hierarchical zeolites have been established as a superior type of aluminosilicate catalysts compared to their conventional (purely microporous) counterparts. An impressive array of bottom-up and top-down approaches has been developed during the last decade to design and subsequently exploit these exciting materials catalytically. However, the sustainability of the developed synthetic methods ha...

In most hospitals in the United Kingdom and in many other countries, the provision of an artificial eye depends upon an exchange of information between an artificial eye fitter and an artificial eye manufacturer who may be situated some distance away and who, in most instances, does not see the patient. The centralization of manufacturing facilities may have some advantages and while, in genera...

This work mainly aims to manufacture nanocomposite laminates at first. The prepreg AS-4 graphite/PolyEtherEtherKetone laminates were used to make a 16-layered APC-2 laminate of 2 mm thick via curing the modified diaphragm. The nanoparticles of Silica (SiO2) were uniformly spread on the specific interfaces totally about 1-3% by weight of a laminate by sol-gel method. Second, by the results of me...

An important part of the quality management system of the company is to establish procedures for quality planning. The sense of quality planning is in the prevention of either construction or manufacture failures, respectively their causes. Nevertheless it is a tool to increase the likelihood of early detection. FMEA method – analysis of possible failures and consequences (Failure Mode and Effe...

The newly formed North West Laser Engineering Consortium (NWLEC), a strategic alliance between the Universities of Liverpool and Manchester in the North West of England UK, has an ongoing research programme into micro and nano manipulation techniques for microassembly and manufacture. A key area of research is optical trapping. Since their invention just over 20 years ago, optical traps have em...

The development of resins represented a great step forward in dental technique, the first thermopolymerisable acrylic resins being developed in 1936. Acrylic resins are better known as poly(methyl methacrylate) or PMMA. They are synthetically obtained materials that can be modelled, packed or injected into molds during an initial plastic phase which solidify through a chemical reaction-polymeri...

The neologism ‘stent’ has irrevocably entered the English medical vocabulary as a noun as well as a verb. It allegedly dates back to the English dentists Charles T. Stent (1807–1885) and his sons Charles R. Stent (1845– 1901) and Arthur H. Stent (1859–1900) who used to support poorly aligned teeth with a special apparatus. Others have traced the word back to the 14th century. The first mention ...

Cheese is the most complex of the dairy products, involving chemical, biochemical and microbiological processes. The steps in all cheesemaking include milk acidification, milk coagulation, whey removal, packaging and storage. Most cheesemaking also includes heating the cheese curd and salting the curd. Even slight changes in these processes can lead to significant differences in the final chees...

A protein solution with the properties of a specific antiserum to the triphenylmethane dye methyl blue has been made by treating a solution of bovine gamma-globulin and the dye with alkali and then slowly neutralizing the alkali. Some success has been obtained also in the formation of antibodies from other serum proteins and by other denaturation-renaturation procedures. By heating solutions of...