BACKGROUND For many women in Kenya, their husbands act as gate-keepers to access of healthcare services. Awareness of the danger signs of obstetric complications is the essential first step in accepting appropriate and timely referral to obstetric care. The objectives of this study were to assess men's awareness of the danger signs of obstetric complications, and to identify any associated demo...

The historical development of the two-sample rank-sum test is explored. While most textbooks and journal articles attribute the origin of the two-sample rank-sum test to Wilcoxon (1945) and/or Mann and Whitney (1947), the test was independently developed by at least six researchers in the late 1940s and early 1950s. In addition to Wilcoxon and Mann and Whitney, Festinger (1946), Whitfield (1947...

We consider the problem of comparing sojourn time distributions of a transient state in a general multistate system in two samples (groups) when the transition times are right censored. Using the reweighting principle, a two-sample Mann– Whitney type of U -statistic is constructed that compares only the uncensored sojourn times from the two distributions. A second Mann–Whitney type of statistic...

RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY B type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a hormone released in response to stretching of the ventricular wall. The role of BNP as a biomarker of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has not been clarified. OBJECTIVE To determine if plasma BNP concentrations correlate with the severity of BPD. METHODS This prospective observational case control study included 60 preterm infant...

Previously reported dendrochemical data showed temporal variability in concentration of tungsten (W) and cobalt (Co) in tree rings of Fallon, Nevada, US. Criticism of this work questioned the use of the Mann-Whitney test for determining change in element concentrations. Here, we demonstrate that Mann-Whitney is appropriate for comparing background element concentrations to possibly elevated con...

This study aimed to investigate ICT competency of mathematics teachers at secondary schools Nepal. A cross-sectional survey design was deployed among 336 school The data analyzed by Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis H, and multiple linear regression. Result showed that teachers’ level found be proficient in the fundamental concept computers use Internet. In contrast, it developing-level software h...

The research aim was to determine the preschool teachers’ competence for implementation of movement in children’s integrated learning and everyday activities during their stay early education institutions. As many as 100 teachers from various institutions City Rijeka its surrounding participated research. questionnaire consists 16 items. basic statistical parameters were calculated, Spearman co...

This study was aimed to examine primary teachers’ proficiencies on inclusion and teaching mathematics inclusive students within the scope of some variables. Survey design adopted in research. The group consists 324 teachers. data were collected through Teacher Efficacy for Inclusion Scale Teaching Mathematics Inclusive Settings Scale. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test used. As a result...

OBJECTIVE To compare dental and skeletal anchorages in mandibular canine retraction by means of a stress distribution analysis. METHODS A photoelastic model was produced from second molar to canine, without the first premolar, and mandibular canine retraction was simulated by a rubber band tied to two types of anchorage: dental anchorage, in the first molar attached to adjacent teeth, and ske...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Coca-Cola and Schweppes Limón on bond strength, adhesive remnant, and microleakage beneath brackets. One hundred and twenty upper central incisor brackets were bonded to bovine incisors and divided into three groups: (1) Control, (2) Coca-Cola, and (3) Schweppes Limón. The teeth were submerged in the drinks three times a day for 15 minute...