In many Western countries, the lack of women in the field of science and technology is seen as a problem from a feminist perspective in concern with equal opportunity. As a developed and democratic country, especially in the perspective of gender equality, Denmark witnesses an uneven gender distribution in the engineering profession – women’s participation is 12%. As a joint member of an EU pro...

Using data from the first wave of the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (NKPS) for 2867 women and 2195 men aged 40 to 79, this study examines to what extent educational, employment and marital pathways shape the likelihood of remaining childless, and whether these pathways are gendered. The findings indicate that women and men have distinctive pathways into childlessness. Educational attainment i...

Optimism, socioeconomic, leadership, transformationaltransactional, small enterprises. The role of optimism and socioeconomic characteristics of managers on leadership practices in small enterprises, in Bogotá, Colombia, was determined. Ninety managers completed the Leadership Practices Inventory and The Revised Life Orientation Test, as well as they provided information about personal and busi...

The present study examined the experience of work-family spillover among 586 hotel managers (HMs) working in 50 full-service hotels throughout the U.S. Work-family spillover occurs when behaviors, moods, stresses, and emotions from work spill over into family. We first investigated which hotel managers were more likely to experience spillover and stressful work conditions based on their life ci...

Current research has established that women and minorities are underrepresented among managers, especially among top-level managers. However, studies have not tested whether the glass ceiling effect exists in the strict sense as a disadvantage in advancing to top-level positions in organizational hierarchies. This study discusses the criteria for identifying the glass ceiling effect and tests i...

Because of the SARS epidemic in Asia, people chose to the Internet shopping instead of going shopping on streets. In other words, SARS actually gave the Internet an opportunity to revive from its earlier bubbles. The purpose of this research is to provide managers of shopping Websites regarding consumer purchasing decisions based on the CSI (Consumer Styles Inventory) which was proposed by Spro...