BACKGROUND/AIMS Carnitine palmitoyl-transferase I (CPT I) catalyses the synthesis of long-chain (LC)-acylcarnitines from LC-acyl-CoA esters. It is the rate-limiting enzyme of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO) pathway and its activity is regulated by malonyl-CoA. The antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) is a branched chain fatty acid that is activated to the respective CoA ester in...

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC; EC 6.4.1.2) catalyses the formation of malonyl-CoA, which is essential as a metabolic substrate and as a modulator of specific protein activity. Malonyl-CoA is a substrate for fatty acid synthase (FAS), for polyketide synthases (in plants, fungi and bacteria) and for fatty acyl chain-elongation systems. As an allosteric modulator, malonyl-CoA potently inhibits carni...

Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids, are responsible for the orange to blue coloration of flowers and act as visual attractors to aid pollination and seed dispersal. Malonyl-CoA is the precursor for the formation of flavonoids and anthocyanins. Previous studies have suggested that malonyl-CoA is formed almost exclusively by acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which catalyzes the ATP-dependent formation of ...

Acyl-malonyl acyl carrier protein (ACP)-condensing enzyme, prepared from extracts of Escherichia coli, catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-ACP and malonyl-ACP to form acetoacetyl-ACP. It also catalyzes the condensation of various longer chain saturated acyl-ACP derivatives with malonyl-ACP to form the P-ketoacyl-ACP of the longer homologues. The enzyme is specific for the acyl-ACP derivatives ...

1. Liver carnitine acyltransferase activities with palmitoyl-CoA and octanoyl-CoA as substrates and heart carnitine palmitoyltransferase were measured as overt activities in whole mitochondria or in mitochondria disrupted by sonication or detergent treatment. All measurements were made in sucrose/KCl-based media of 300 mosmol/litre. 2. In liver mitochondria, acyltransferase measured with octano...

Effects of prolonged ingestion of glucose and ethanol on the rate of fatty acid synthesis by liver and adipose tissue have been investigated in male rats. Ethanol significantly enhanced the rate of fatty acid synthesis from malonyl-2-(14)C CoA in liver cell sap; glucose feeding enhanced the rate of fatty acid synthesis from both malonyl-2-(14)C and acetyl-1-(14)C CoA. Neither dietary supplement...

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, which is expressed in the pancreas as the liver isoform (LCPTI), catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria for their oxidation. Malonyl-CoA derived from glucose metabolism regulates fatty acid oxidation by inhibiting LCPTI. To examine directly whether the availability of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA (LC-CoA) affects the...

Widely held theories of the pathogenesis of obesity-associated NIDDM have implicated apparently incompatible events as seminal: 1) insulin resistance in muscle, 2) abnormal secretion of insulin, and 3) increases in intra-abdominal fat. Altered circulating or tissue lipids are characteristic features of obesity and NIDDM. The etiology of these defects is not known. In this perspective, we propos...