Fatty acids such as n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are critical nutrients, used to improve male reproductive performance through modification of fatty acid profile and maintenance of sperm membrane integrity, especially under cold shock or cryopreservation condition. Also, PUFA provide the precursors for prostaglandin synthesis and can modulate the expression patterns of many ke...

1. Growth 1.1 Early Embryonic Growth 1.2 Embryonic Origin of Various Organ Systems 1.3 Description of Tissue Types 1.4 Growth in Meat Producing Animals 1.5 Regulation of Growth 1.6. Adipose Tissue Growth 1.7 Factors that Reduce Growth 2. Reproductive Physiology 2.1 Male Reproductive System 2.2 Hormonal control of Spermatogenesis and Male Reproduction 2.3 Female Reproduction. 2.4 Mating and Fert...

Endocannabinoids control male reproduction acting at central and local level via cannabinoid receptors. The cannabinoid receptor CB1 has been characterized in the testis, in somatic and germ cells of mammalian and non-mammalian animal models, and its activity related to Leydig cell differentiation, steroidogenesis, spermiogenesis, sperm quality, and maturation. In this short review, we provide ...

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals generally function as steroid receptor signaling antagonists or agonists that influence development to promote adult-onset disease. Exposure to the endocrine disruptors during the initiation of male reproductive tract development interferes with the normal hormonal signaling and formation of male reproductive organs. In particular, exposure to the endocrine disrup...

The recent availability of specific inhibin assays has demonstrated that inhibin B is the relevant circulating inhibin form in the human male. Inhibin B is a dimer of an alpha and a betaB subunit. It is produced exclusively by the testis, predominantly by the Sertoli cells in the prepubertal testis, while the site of production in the adult is still controversial. Inhibin B controls FSH secreti...

Although it is well known that hypothyroidism predominantly occurs in females, we have chosen the topic as “male hypothyroidism” as generally its importance gets ignored till the patient presents with a highly worsened disease with coma or severe form of disease or occasionally infertility, impotence or some kind of erectile dysfunction maybe the presenting symptom. To start with we would like ...

OBJECTIVE Genomic imprinting is the epigenetic change that occurred differentially in the specific genes in spermatozoa and oocyte according to their paternal or maternal origin, thus allowing a monoallelic expression. This review is a critical analysis of the published information relating to the role of the male imprinting on the successful reproduction. METHODS We performed a literature se...

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a family of enzymes involved in a wide variety of biological processes, including DNA repair and maintenance of genomic stability following genotoxic stress, and regulates the expression of various proteins at the transcriptional level as well as replication and differentiation. However, excessive activation of PARP has been shown to contribute to the pa...