When naval mine-hunting sonars and side-scan surveying sonars operating at 20~60 kHz are working in shallow coastal waters, the visco-thermal absorption of sound by suspended mud in the water may greatly decrease their detection properties. This kind of water is also characterized as turbid seawater. However, the research on measuring the coefficient of sound absorption in turbid seawater has l...

This paper presents a wellbore-stability study of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) research borehole located near Parkfield, California, USA. In the summer of 2005, the SAFOD borehole was drilled successfully through the active trace of the San Andreas Fault (SAF) in an area characterized by fault creep and frequent microearthquakes. In this study, we report how the analysis o...

Baseline characterization of concentrations and isotopic values of dissolved natural gases is needed to identify contamination caused by the leakage of fugitive gases from oil and gas activities. Methods to collect and analyze baseline concentration-depth profiles of dissolved CH4 and C2 H6 and δ13 C-CH4 in shales and Quaternary clayey tills were assessed at two sites in the Williston Basin, Ca...

in this study, the adsorption of hexavalent chromium and zinc ions from the solution is investigated by raw red mud and mechanical-chemical activated red mud along with the possibility of selective reclamation of these ions from the solution. the mechanical-chemical activation of red mud was done by employing high-energy milling and subsequent acid treatment with hno3. raw red mud (rrm) and mec...

Designing drilling fluids for drilling in deep gas reservoirs and geothermal wells is a major challenge. Cooling drilling fluids and preparing stable mud with high thermal conductivity are of great concern. Drilling nanofluids, i.e. a low fraction of carbon nanotube (CNT) well dispersed in mud, may enhance the mixture thermal conductivity compared to the base fluids. Thus, they are potentially ...

In this study, the adsorption of hexavalent chromium and zinc ions from the solution is investigated by raw red mud and mechanical-chemical activated red mud along with the possibility of selective reclamation of these ions from the solution. The mechanical-chemical activation of red mud was done by employing high-energy milling and subsequent acid treatment with HNO3. Raw red mud (RRM) and mec...

Another look at the origin of the fluid mud layer in Lake Apopka, Florida Schelske (2006) questions our conclusion (Bachmann et al. 2005) that a major portion of the fluid mud layer in Lake Apopka is derived from the liquefaction of underlying consolidated sediments. In particular, he questions our interpretation of mean depth measurements that did not decrease in the period 1968 to 1996 when t...

Drilling fluid is the most important lifeline of the drilling operation, that main task is facilitate the cuttings removal of the drilling. There are varieties of drilling fluids such as sodium bentonite based-drilling fluid is called “mud” and drilling foam or surfactant based-drilling fluid is called “soap”. The present work aims are study on the modified drilling mud properties by using the ...

Using performance and theatricality as metaphors to describe MUD adventure games this paper starts out by defining a difference between ’performative’ and ’theatrical’ acts within MUDs. Performative acts differ from theatrical acts in that they are effecting ’real’ changes to the MUD environment, thus directly influencing the game in one way or another. It is argued that to understand the perfo...