The genome of HB V virus of serotype ayw cloned in pBR322 and expression shuttle vector p YES2 were used for construction of the HBsAg chimeric genes and their expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two recombinant plasmids were constructed. One of them contained the coding sequences for the major polypeptide of surface antigen. Another construct carried the major polypeptide with the pre-S2 a...

apple (malus×domestica borkh.) is the fourth fruit in importance and iran ranks fifth in apple production in the world. longevity of juvenility in apple extends breeding cycles and makes its breeding a tough job. to alleviate this barrier via genetic engineering, the genes involved in flowering and floral development of apple and their function must be identified and characterized. most of thes...

An alloantigen is a genetically determined cell-surface molecule detected by specific antisera. An identifying letter has been assigned to each genetic locus responsible for the 12 distinct families of alloantigens: A, B, C, D, E, H, I, J, K, L, P, and R. The genes of each system segregate independently of the other systems, except that the A and E are very closely linked (0.5 centimorgans). Se...

The genome of Pneumocystis, which causes life-threatening pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients, contains a multicopy gene family that encodes the major surface glycoprotein (Msg). Pneumocystis can vary the expressed Msg, presumably as a mechanism to avoid host immune responses. Analysis of 24 msg-gene sequences obtained from a single human isolate of Pneumocystis demonstrated that the sequenc...

Inactive Drosophila heat-shock genes of isolated diploid nuclei can be induced to a transcriptionally active state by exposure to cytoplasmic extracts from heat-shocked Drosophila cells. No effect was observed on histone gene transcription, and extracts from non-heat-shocked cells were ineffective. The factor in the cytoplasmic extract has been partially purified and characterized. It is protea...

Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens with many virulence factors playing a major role in its pathogenesis. The aims of this study were to detect spvA, int2 and invC virulence genes of different Salmonella serotypes isolated from various clinical animal and human sources, and to investigate antibiotic resistance patterns among these serotypes. Using a PCR assay, a total of ...

background: with the increasing concern for health and nutrition, dietary fat has attracted considerable attention. the composition of fatty acids in the diet is important because they are associated with major diseases including cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. the fatty acid synthase (fasn) and stearoyl-coa desaturase (delta-9-desaturase) (scd) genes affect fatty acid compositio...