This study compared the relative efficacy of low-magnitude, contingent monetary vouchers, contingent buprenorphine medication, and standard counseling in promoting abstinence from illicit opioids and cocaine among opioid-dependent adults. Following an 8-week baseline period during which participants received buprenorphine maintenance treatment with no contingencies in place, 60 participants wer...

BACKGROUND Despite its effectiveness, methadone maintenance is rarely provided in American correctional facilities. This study is the first randomized clinical trial in the US to examine the effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment provided to prisoners with pre-incarceration heroin addiction. METHODS A three-group randomized controlled trial was conducted between September 2003 and J...

OBJECTIVE Little information is available about the contribution of multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to the likelihood of reporting hallucinations. We used data from the ACE study to assess this relationship. METHODS We conducted a survey about childhood abuse and household dysfunction while growing up, with questions about health behaviors and outcomes in adulthood, which was co...

Positive association has been seen between stress and smoking behavior. This relationship has not been explored in relation to one's coping behavior and desire to quit smoking. The present study examined stress, coping and readiness to change among smokers. 50 smokers were selected using a cross sectional design. Assessment Proforma, Fagerstrom test for Nicotine Dependency, General Health Quest...

This study explored the relationship between self-determination in the regulation of exercise behavior and stage of change for exercise. Deci and Ryan (1985, 1990) outlined a continuum of behavioral regulation that ranges from non-self-determined regulation (external regulation) to completely self-determined regulation (intrinsic regulation). Prochaska and DiClemente (1984) outlined five stages...

Microtubules are fundamental elements participating in many aspects of cell behavior and maintenance, yet the factors regulating microtubule behavior in vivo remain poorly understood. Employing the nerve growth factor (NGF)-responsive cell line, PC12, we have used sense and antisense DNA transfection strategies to examine the role of the microtubule-associated protein (MAP) tau in several aspec...

The obliviousness property of AspectJ conflicts with the ability to reason about an AspectJ program in a modular fashion. This makes debugging and maintenance difficult. In object-oriented programming, the discipline of behavioral subtyping allows one to reason about programs modularly, despite the somewhat oblivious nature of dynamic binding; however, it is not clear what discipline would help...

Weight management means lifestyle modification, behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy and surgery. Drugs have wide ranging side effects and contraindication for its widespread use. Orlistat and sibutramine are the most popular in the present day context. Anti depressants especially fluoxetine is a valuable adjunct for therapy of obesity. There are many newer concepts in weight management and thes...

BACKGROUND Delivering an intervention to a group of patients to improve health outcomes is increasingly popular in public health and primary care, yet "group" is an umbrella term which encompasses a complex range of aims, theories, implementation processes and evaluation methods. We propose a framework for the design and process evaluation of health improvement interventions occurring in a grou...

Physical activity plays a major role in the development and management of obesity. High levels of physical activity provide an advantage in maintaining energy balance at a healthy weight, but the amount of exercise needed to produce weight loss and weight loss maintenance may be difficult to achieve in obese subjects. Barriers to physical activity may hardly be overcome in individual cases, and...