BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We assessed whether the extent of macro- and microscopic disease in the cortical and subcortical brain tissue, as revealed by MR and magnetization transfer (MT) imaging, correlates with cognitive dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Dual-echo rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE), fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (fast-FLA...

BACKGROUND Although in situ pathological studies and in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) investigations have shown that axonal injury can be significant in the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS), diffuse axonal injury is generally considered a secondary event. Cerebral axonal damage can be specifically assessed in vivo by measuring levels of brain N-acetylaspartate (NAA, a specific index of ax...

OBJECTIVE To compare leukocyte accumulation and expression of the chemokine receptor/ligand pair CXCR4/CXCL12 in magnetic resonance imaging-defined regions of interest (ROIs) in brains from patients with chronic multiple sclerosis. We studied the following ROIs: normal-appearing white matter (NAWM); regions abnormal only on T2-weighted images (T2 only); and regions abnormal on T2- and T1-weight...

Introduction: Evidence from pathological studies continues to underscore the significant involvement of cortical grey matter (GM) in multiple sclerosis (MS) [Stadelmann, C., et al., Curr Opin Neurol, 2008. 21(3):229-34]. Although some of this cortical pathology is now detectable as a result of advances in sequence development (e.g., double inversion recovery), contiguous areas of subpial demyel...

Previous research has shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with white matter microstructural changes, cognitive impairment, and decreased resting-state functional connectivity and spontaneous brain activity. This study used magnetization transfer imaging to examine, for the first time, the integrity of macromolecular protein pools in fronto-striato-thalamic circuits and its ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Conventional MR imaging of multiple sclerosis (MS) provides relatively poor pathologic specificity, which has led to the investigation of more sophisticated MR techniques. The purpose of this study was to combine magnetization transfer (MT) imaging and proton MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to evaluate the specific pathologic features of myelination and neuronal integrity...

Introduction: The multiple sclerosis imaging community still struggles with the in vivo detection of cortical grey matter lesions. While newer sequences can help identify a small fraction of the cortical pathology present, subpial demyelination appears to be largely undetectable [1]. This is despite the fact that these cortical lesions are the most common subtype when sampled at autopsy and ten...

Session IX: Friday, February 2, 2007 307. MAGNETIZATION TRANSFER IN CARDIAC TRUEFISP IMAGING Oliver M. Weber, PhD, Klaus Scheffler, PhD, Oliver Bieri, PhD. University of Basel, Switzerland, Basel, Switzerland. Introduction: Recently, we showed that the rapid succession of high flip angle RF pulses in conventional balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) sequences causes an on-resonancemagn...

OBJECTIVES To establish whether magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) histograms are sensitive to change in normal appearing grey matter (NAGM) in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in the absence of significant disability; and to assess whether grey or white matter MTR measures are associated with clinical measures of impairment in early RRMS METHODS: 38 patients were studied (me...

BACKGROUND In multiple sclerosis (MS), demyelination and neuro-axonal loss occur in the brain grey matter (GM). We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of GM magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) and volume to assess the regional localisation of reduced MTR (reflecting demyelination) and atrophy (reflecting neuro-axonal loss) in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), secondary progressive MS (SP...