central tenet of lunar science is that the Moon was surrounded by a huge ocean of magma when it formed. Originally thought to be a few hundred kilometers deep, lunar scientists now think that the entire Moon was initially molten. Numerous geochemical models have been constructed for the crystallization of the magma ocean. All the calculations use computer programs based on experimental data, bu...

There are more than 7 million people living near the Tatun volcano group in northern Taiwan. For the safety of the Taipei metropolis, in particular, it has been debated for decades whether or not these volcanoes are active. Here I show evidence of a deep magma reservoir beneath the Taipei metropolis from both S-wave shadows and P-wave delays. The reservoir is probably composed of either a thin ...

The lack of contraction features on the Moon has been used to argue that the Moon underwent limited secular cooling, and thus had a relatively cool initial state. A cool early state in turn limits the depth of the lunar magma ocean. Recent GRAIL gravity measurements, however, suggest that dikes were emplaced in the lower crust, requiring global lunar expansion. Starting from the magma ocean sta...

[1] The absent or weak magnetic field above large Martian volcanoes may provide constraints on their formation and the carrier of magnetization. We consider the ability of magma intrusions to thermally demagnetize the shallow crust beneath volcanoes through heat conduction and hydrothermal circulation. If magnetization is dominated by magnetite, the volume of crust that is thermally demagnetize...

[1] We use the identification of volcanism on Mercury, together with lobate, flow-front like topography, crustal composition information and data on the stress state and history of the lithosphere, to derive a new model for the ascent and eruption of magma on Mercury. We find that extrusion is likely to be dominated by high-effusion rate events. Initial emplacement of dikes in the crust and ext...

By aggregating data for complex traits in a biologically meaningful way, gene and gene-set analysis constitute a valuable addition to single-marker analysis. However, although various methods for gene and gene-set analysis currently exist, they generally suffer from a number of issues. Statistical power for most methods is strongly affected by linkage disequilibrium between markers, multi-marke...

The paper descr ibes MAGMA-Lisp, an extended L isp system proposed as an implementation t o o l f o r A . I . languages e x p l o i t i n g nondete rmin is t i c techniques. The main idea in forming MAGMA-Lisp is tha t a t ree s t r uc tu re of conceptual ly indipendent computation environments (contex t ree ) is the suppor t ing s t ruc tu re of any nondetermin is t i c system. MAGMA-Lisp prop...

Findings –The paper gives a mathematical definition of a reflexive domain and proves that every transformation of such a domain has a fixed point. (This point of view has been taken by W. Lawvere in the context of logic and category theory.) Thus eigenforms exist in reflexive domains. We discuss a related concept called a “magma.” A magma is composed entirely of its own structure-preserving tra...

Banding in obsidian from Big Glass Mountain (BGM), Medicine Lake volcano, California, and Mayor Island (MI), New Zealand, provides a record with a 1/wavenumber power-spectral density and multifractal characteristics. The samples are compositionally homogeneous, with banding defined by variable microlite content (BGM) or vesicularity (MI). In both samples, banding formation is well explained by ...

Kepsut-Dursunbey volcanic field (KDVF) is located in NW Turkey and contains various products of the post-collisional Neogene magmatic activity. Two distinct volcanic suites have been recognized; the Kepsut volcanic suite (KVS) and the Dursunbey volcanic suite (DVS). The KVS includes basaltic trachyandesitebasaltic andesite-andesite lavas and associated pyroclastic rocks. The DVS consists of dac...