Ong has shown that the modal mu-calculus model checking problem (equivalently, the alternating parity tree automaton (APT) acceptance problem) of possibly-infinite ranked trees generated by order-n recursion schemes is n-EXPTIME complete. We consider two subclasses of APT and investigate the complexity of the respective acceptance problems. The main results are that, for APT with a single prior...

LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Khanna & Camilleri and Tobi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16143 https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16270

LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Brakenhoff et al and Thibault & Asselah papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16172 https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16214

Abstract – Advanced persistent threat (APT) is a network attack in which an unauthorized person gains access to a network and remain undetected for as long as they can. The intention of an APT attack is to steal data and eavesdropping rather than to cause damage to the network or organization. The problem of APT is the techniques used are stealth oriented and detection of APT attack has been di...

Recently, Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) has emerged as sophisticated and tailor-made attacks. APTs pose threats mainly targeting institutions such military, defense security infrastructure, high profile companies governments etc. Particularly a counter measure for APT attacks done by hactivists cyber warriors terrorists over government e-government applications intrusion detection mechanisms...

We give a short introduction to the Analytic Perturbation Theory (APT) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] in QCD, describe its problems and suggest as a tool for their resolution the Fractional APT (FAPT) [6, 7, 8, 9]. We also describe shortly how to treat heavy-quark thresholds in FAPT. As an applications of this technique we discuss (i) the pion form factor calculation in the Euclidean FAPT and (ii) the Higgs b...

Annotated Probabilistic Temporal (APT) logic programs are a form of logic programs that allow users to state (or systems to automatically learn) rules of the form “formula G becomes true K time units after formula F became true with L to U% probability.” In this paper, we develop a theory of abduction for APT logic programs. Specifically, given an APT logic program Π, a set of formulas H that c...

In recent work, the all-pass transform (APT) was proposed as the basis of a speaker adaptation scheme intended for use with a large vocabulary speech recognition system. It was shown that APT-based adaptation reduces to a linear transformation of cepstral means, much like the better known maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR), but is specified by far fewer free parameters. Due to its line...

In recent years numerous advanced malware, aka advanced persistent threats (APT) are allegedly developed by nation-states. The task of attributing an APT to a specific nation-state is extremely challenging for several reasons. Each nation-state has usually more than a single cyber unit that develops such advanced malware, rendering traditional authorship attribution algorithms useless. Furtherm...

GABAergic signaling is central to the function of the thalamus and has been traditionally attributed primarily to the nucleus reticularis thalami (nRT). Here we present a GABAergic pathway, distinct from the nRT, that exerts a powerful inhibitory effect selectively in higher-order thalamic relays of the rat. Axons originating in the anterior pretectal nucleus (APT) innervated the proximal dendr...