aflatoxins are toxins which are usually produced by a kind of aspergillus fungus named flavus, parasiticus, and numius. there are 18 kinds of aflatoxins have been discovered by scientists and aflatoxin b1 is the most toxic and carcinogenic. taking aflatoxins present in food causes lots of diseases like liver diseases, alcoholic liver, mutagenesis, and malformation in animals. it also has some o...

This result is strikingly similar to the following hoped-for picture of affine Lie algebra representation theory, explained to us by A.Beilinson. Let M1,M2 be two modules over an affine Lie algebra ĝ on the critical level. One hopes that there is a localization functor which associates to these modules perverse sheaves ∆(M1),∆(M2) over the semiinfinite flag space Ĝ/B̂. Suppose that ∆(M1) and ∆(M...

The role of Bcl-2 as an anti-apoptotic protein has been well documented. In the present work, we present evidence that Bcl-2 may also be involved in cell growth regulation. SC-M1 is an unique cell line which responds to retinoic acid (RA) treatment with reversible growth arrest [Shyu, Jiang, Huang, Chang, Wu, Roffler and Yeh (1995) Eur. J. Cancer 31, 237-243]. In this study, when treated with R...

Polyubiquitin (pUb) chains formed between the C terminus of ubiquitin and lysine 63 (K63) or methionine 1 (M1) of another ubiquitin have been implicated in the activation of the canonical IκB kinase (IKK) complex. Here, we demonstrate that nearly all of the M1-pUb chains formed in response to interleukin-1, or the Toll-Like Receptors 1/2 agonist Pam3CSK4, are covalently attached to K63-pUb chai...

The M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1-mAChR, encoded by CHRM1) is a G-protein-coupled membrane receptor that is activated by extracellular cholinergic stimuli. Recent investigations have revealed the intracellular localization of M1-mAChR. In this study, we observed constitutive internalization of M1-mAChR in mouse neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells without agonist stimulation. Constitutive int...

BACKGROUND To examine glutathione S-transferase M1 (GST M1) gene polymorphism and male infertility in Taiwanese patients with varicocele, 80 young male patients with varicocele (group 1), 62 young male patients with subclinical varicocele (group 2) and 60 normal young males (group 3) were recruited in this study. METHODS GST M1 null homozygous genotype [GST M1-] and the occurrence of a 4977 b...

BACKGROUND Current influenza vaccines have reduced immunogenicity and are of uncertain efficacy in older adults. We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of MVA-NP+M1, a viral-vectored influenza vaccine designed to boost memory T cell responses, in a group of older adults. METHODS Thirty volunteers (aged 50-85) received a single intramuscular injection of MVA-NP+M1 at a dose of 1·5×10(8) pla...

Matrix proteins from enveloped viruses play an important role in budding and stabilizing virus particles. In order to assess the role of the matrix protein M1 from influenza C virus (M1-C) in plasma membrane deformation, we have combined structural and in vitro reconstitution experiments with model membranes. We present the crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of M1-C and show by Small An...