Soil erosion rates and soil quality indicators were measured along two hillslope transects in the Loess Plateau near Yan'an, China. The objectives were to: (a) quantify spatial patterns and controlling processes of soil redistribution due to water and tillage erosion, and (b) correlate soil quality parameters with soil redistribution along the hillslope transects for different land use manageme...

Questions How has exotic plant species richness and composition changed in adjacent to a montane road verge over 10-year period? Are verges conduits of species’ dispersal into adjacent, undisturbed hinterland? Location Montane grassland, Maloti-Drakensberg Transfrontier Conservation Area, South Africa. Methods We surveyed hinterland transects (25 × 2 m; N = 80) across an elevational gradient 1,...

Tree mortality and its causes and spatial pattern were examined along four transects (width 40 m, length 2550–3960 m), with a total length of 12 190 m and area of 48.8 ha, in a Pinus sylvestris L. dominated, boreal forest landscape. Tree mortality was determined within a time window of 3 years by identifying those trees (dbh ≥ 10 cm) along the transects that fi tted into one of the three catego...

Overgrazing, via harvesting of forage species and decrease the other herbs, is of progressive factors in biodiversity destroying. In order to investigate the animal grazing impacts on changing of plant structure and diversity, we selected the comparison between this effect with exclosure area, and proving of the excluded area effects on plant diversity; two sites of Kojour rangeland, Mazandran ...

the overgrazing and excessive utilization of rangelands has caused vegetationand soil degradation in many rangelands. in the rangeland management, the soil andvegetation elements, environmental factors and livestock should be considered as decisionmaking agents. various methods are applicable for the rangeland restoration as contourfurrows and mortar stone dam. in order to evaluate the effects ...

The equation of continuity is used to estimate profiles of vertical velocity between 25 and 120 m from moored current measurements in arrays nested within the triangle with vertices located at 1ø30'S, 140øW and along the equator at 140 ø and 110øW during December 1983 through March 1984 and May-September 1984. All directions of the 4to 5-month mean values were upward. The ensemble averaged mean...