Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) shows the highest incidence among organ-specific autoimmune diseases and is the most common thyroid disease in humans, including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). The susceptibility to autoimmune diseases is affected by increased autoantibody levels, susceptibility gene polymorphisms, environmental factors, and psychological factors, but th...

High-affinity-antibody production, T-cell activation, and interferon upregulation all contribute to protective immunity that occurs in humans following influenza immunization. Hematopoietic cell-specific PTPN22 encodes lymphoid phosphatase (Lyp), which regulates lymphocyte antigen receptor and pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling. A PTPN22 variant, R620W (LypW), predisposes to autoimmun...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), a consequence of the breakdown of immune tolerance. The lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp) protein has significant effects on maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance. Two polymorphic variants (-1123G>C and +1858C>T) at PTPN22 gene that encodes this ...

The protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene encodes for lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase LYP, involved in the negative regulation of early T-cell activation. An association has recently been reported between the PTPN22-620W functional allele and rheumatoid factor-positive (RF+) rheumatoid arthritis (RA), among other autoimmune diseases. Expected linkage proof for consistency...

Various anaerobic starter seeds from different sources were investigated for their efficacies in treatment of different types of wastewater. Six combinations of starter seeds and wastewaters were selected out of 25 combination batch experiments and operated in semicontinuous reactors. It was noticed that the efficacies of various anaerobic starter seeds for biogas production from different type...

Using the Becke-3-LYP functional, we have performed band structure calculations on the high temperature superconductor parent compound, La2CuO4. Under the restricted spin formalism (ρ↑ = ρ↓), the R-B3LYP band structure agrees well with the standard LDA band structure. It is metallic with a single Cu x − y/O pσ band crossing the Fermi level. Under the unrestricted spin formalism (ρ↑ 6= ρ↓), the ...

The chemistry of boron azides, first reported by E. Wiberg et al. in 1954 [1], was further investigated by P. I. Paetzold [2 4], and the field has been reviewed [5, 6]. Structural and spectroscopic data for boron dichloride azide (trimeric) [7, 8] and dimethylboron azide have been reported in the literature [9]. Quite recently, additional boron azides have been reported and structurally charact...

The structure and the electronic properties of a sodium tetrasilicate (Na2Si4O9) glass were studied by combined Car-Parrinello and classical molecular-dynamics simulations. The glass sample was prepared using a method recently employed in a study of a silica glass [M. Benoit et al, Euro. Phys. J. B 13, 631 (2000)]. First we generated a NS4 glass by classical molecular-dynamics and then we took ...

The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22(C1858T) allelic polymorphism is associated with increased susceptibility for development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. PTPN22 (also known as LYP) and its mouse orthologue PEP play important roles in antigen and Toll-like receptor signaling in immune cell functions. We demonstrate here that PEP also plays an important...

UNLABELLED Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder that has a bimodal age distribution, affecting young and elderly individuals, and is curable in more than 90% of patients. Here we report the coexistence of cutaneous CHL and malignant melanoma as the presentation of papules and a plaque, in an individual with remote history of systemic CHL. One of the biopsies showed...