Warren and Drinker’ had demonstrated that in the dog, lymph from all parts of the lung except the upper section of the left lung generally flowed to the right lymphatic duct. The right duct is of minute size and frequently presents with multiple channels.2 Consequently, cannulation is extremely difficult; and when cannulation of one of the minute channels is successful, only representative flow...

Neoplastic diseases account for approximately 13% of the annual incidence of pleural effusions, and 75% of these effusions are secondary to malignancies of the lungs and breast or lymphoma. The most common pathogenic mechanisms that produce malignant pleural effusions (MPE) are (1) pleural metastasis resulting in increased membrane permeability beyond the capacity of lymphatic drainage, (2) met...

We showed in the Sprague Dawley rat that the principal ascending cardiac lymphatic is similar in location to that of man and dog and can be readily visualized by injection of a small amount of T1824 blue dye (Evans) into the apex of the left ventricle. We also showed that it is possible to ligate and thereby obstruct this principal cardiac lymphatic near its entry beneath the left atrial append...

in the visceral pleura. In our case, it is likely there was impaired lymphatic absorption as the high venous pressure, resulting from the brachiocephalic stenosis, would impair lymphatic drainage from the right thoracic duct. Additionally, it is possible that there was increased pleural fluid production due to increased venous pressure of the parietal pleural capillaries, which ultimately drain...

BACKGROUND There are various methods for detecting sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) using a vital dye is a convenient and safe, intraoperatively preparative method to assess lymph node status. However, the disadvantage of the dye method is that the success rate of sentinel lymph node detection depend on the surgeon's skills and preoperative mapping of the...

Radiation planning for cancer therapy is becoming more and more dependent on the prediction of microscopic tumor spread to regional lymph nodes for its success. It is known that microscopic spread tends to follow established lymphatic drainage pathways in the head and neck based on the location of the primary tumor. In this paper,we propose a novel model for the prediction of regional lymphatic...

Lymphedema can be defined as the abnormal accumulation of protein-rich interstitial fluid that occurs primarly as a consequence of malformation or acquired distruption of the lymphatic circulation. Upper extremity lymphedema can develop in a significant proportion of patients after mastectomy. Currently, complex decongestive physical therapy is accepted as international standard treatment appro...

The main basin for breast lymphatic drainage is ipsilateral axilla. However, extra-axillary drainage may be seen in some patients. The most common extra-axillary site is internal mammary chain, while contralateral axillary drainage is an extremely rare situation in previously untreated patients. We describe a case of untreated right breast retroareolar carcinoma with contralateral axillary drai...

The head and neck region, and especially the ear and its helix, is notorious for its ambiguous pattern of lymphatic drainage. Therefore, the primary nodal drainage basins in melanoma of the helix of the ear are often unpredictable. The aim of the study was to examine the value of sentinel lymph node biopsy in melanoma of the helix of the ear and to describe the natural history of the disease. F...