Turbulence is the most common state of astrophysical flows. In typical astrophysical fluids, turbulence is accompanied by strong magnetic fields, which has a large impact on the dynamics of the turbulent cascade. Recently, there has been a significant breakthrough on the theory of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. For the first time we have a scaling model that is supported by both observat...

Turbulence is the most common state of astrophysical flows. In typical astrophysical fluids, turbulence is accompanied by strong magnetic fields, which has a large impact on the dynamics of the turbulent cascade. Recently, there has been a significant breakthrough on the theory of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. For the first time we have a scaling model that is supported by both observat...

Disturbances affecting time control precision in four-dimension navigation are modeled. Several models of wind and turbulence from the ground to ten thousand feet are developed. A distinction is made between wind mean and turbulence and between the different layers of the troposphere. These models can be used for most cases of flight simulations. A selection of simple wind and radar models is m...