This study was performed to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) metabolites in the lipopolysaccharide effect on bradykinin-induced relaxation in middle cerebral arteries from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). LPS exposure (10 microg/ml for 1-5 h) reduced bradyk...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present paper was to assess whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inhibition of salivary secretion involves the activation of the endocannabinoid system and the participation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha in the submandibular gland. DESIGN Pharmacological approaches were performed by using CB1 and/or CB2 cannabinoid receptor antagonists, AM251 and AM630, resp...

OBJECTIVES Apoptosis develops in several heart diseases, but the therapeutic options are limited. It was hypothesized that nicotine, which inhibits apoptosis in several cells, inhibits cardiac apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). BACKGROUND Over-the-counter nicotine produces sustained levels (10 to 25 ng/ml) that may be antiapoptotic. Low levels of LPS induce apoptosis by activating...

In mammals, aging is associated with immune senescense. To examine whether the sleep changes occurring during immune challenge are affected by age, we assessed sleep alterations induced by the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in young and middle-aged rats. During vehicle, the middle-aged rats exhibited less pre-rapid eye movement sleep (pre-REMS) as well as REMS, due to a smaller numb...

background: hippocampal damages, which are accompanied by inflammation, are among the main causes of epilepsy acquisition. we previously reported that chronic intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (lps) modulates epileptogenesis in rats. there is a network of gap junction channels in the hippocampus that contribute to epileptogenesis. gap junction channels are formed ...

This study investigated the effects of aqueous fruit extracts Carissa carandas (CCA) on inflammation and insulin resistance using an in vitro cellular model, vivo high-fat diets, a streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic (T2DM) rat model. CCA significantly ameliorated by decreasing nitric oxide production lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Interestingly, showed anti-insulin ...

Background : Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are syndromes of acute respiratory failure that result from acute pulmonary edema and inflammation. Current treatment remains primarily supportive with lung-protective ventilation and a fluid conservative strategy. Despite improvements in critical care and mechanical ventilation protoc...

Objective: This research revealed the biochemical outcomes of metabolic dysregulation in serum associated with physiological sickness behavior following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in rats, and treatment with Clinacanthus nutans (CN). Verification of 1H NMR analysis of the CN aqueous extract proved the existence of bioactive phytochemical constituents’ in extract. Materia...

We have previously reported that neonatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure resulted in an increase in interleukin-1β (IL-1β) content, injury to the hippocampus, and cognitive deficits in juvenile male and female rats, as well as female adult rats. The present study aimed to determine whether an anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), protects against the neonata...

Chronic ethanol feeding sensitizes Kupffer cells to activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leading to increased production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Adiponectin treatment protects mice from ethanol-induced liver injury. Because adiponectin has anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages, we hypothesized that adiponectin would normalize chronic ethanol-induced sensitization of Ku...