With few exceptions, membrane lipids are usually regarded as a kind of filler or passive solvent for membrane proteins. Yet, cells exquisitely control membrane composition. Many phospholipids found in plasma membrane bilayers favor packing into inverted hexagonal bulk phases. It was suggested that the strain of forcing such lipids into a bilayer may affect membrane protein function, such as the...

Rapid field evaluation of RO feed filtration requirements, selection of effective antiscalant type and dose, and estimation of suitable scale-free RO recovery level were demonstrated using a novel approach based on direct observation of mineral scaling and flux decline measurements, utilizing an automated Membrane Monitor (MeMo). The MeMo, operated in a stand-alone single-pass desalting mode, e...

Platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa inhibitors may become useful antithrombotic agents. Ro 43-5054 is a low molecular weight, noncyclic, peptidomimetic inhibitor that is three orders of magnitude more potent than RGDS in inhibiting fibrinogen binding to purified GPIIb-IIIa and in preventing platelet aggregation. Comparisons of RGDS and Ro 43-5054 in cell adhesion assays showed that, in contrast...

Upon photostimulation, restricted ovulator (RO) female chickens exhibit endogenous hyperlipidemia, develop atherosclerotic lesions, and generally fail to lay eggs. This phenotype results from a point mutation in the gene specifying the very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), whose protein product normally mediates the massive oocytic uptake of egg yolk precursors from the circulation. Ta...

The conversion of saltwater and brackish water into fresh through desalination has gained significant importance as a solution to the worldwide scarcity resources. Reverse Osmosis (RO) method been effectively utilized generate from sources water. This research aims examine variables that affect performance reverse osmosis process. effectiveness membrane was assessed experiments explored impact ...

We compared the rejection behaviours of three hydrophobic trace organic contaminants, bisphenol A, triclosan and diclofenac, in forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO). Using erythritol, xylose and glucose as inert reference organic solutes and the membrane pore transport model, the mean effective pore size of a commercial cellulose-based FO membrane was estimated to be 0.74 nm. When NaCl...

Membrane-based separation has gained increased popularity over the past few decades, particularly reverse osmosis (RO). A major impediment to improved performance of membrane processes, in general, is fouling. Fouling detrimental effects on membrane’s and integrity, as deposition accumulation foulants its surface and/or within pores leads a decline permeate flux, deterioration selectivity, perm...

Abstract Chlorine disinfection has been reported to be ineffective in controlling RO membrane biofouling some projects. Feed water temperature is a crucial factor the formation of biofouling. It positive impact on wide application process ascertain whether chlorine can alleviate at low temperatures. In this study, effects chlorination feed (10 °C) were investigated by lab-scale apparatus. The f...

As reverse osmosis (RO) desalination capacity increases worldwide, the need to reduce its specific energy consumption becomes more urgent. In addition to the incremental changes attainable with improved components such as membranes and pumps, more significant reduction of energy consumption can be achieved through time-varying RO processes including semi-batch processes such as closed-circuit r...