systems thinking is not a new concept to health system strengthening; however, one question remains unanswered: how policy-makers, system designers and consultants with a system thinking philosophy should act (have acted) as potential change agents in actually gaining opportunities to introduce systems thinking? development of comprehensive multi-year plans (cmyps) for immunization system is on...

signed digit (sd) number systems provide the possibility of constant-time addition, where inter-digit carry propagation is eliminated. such carry-free addition is primarily a three-step process; adding the equally weighted sds to form the primary sum digits, decomposing the latter to interim sum digits and transfer digits, which commonly belong to {–1, 0, 1}, and finally adding the transfers to...

Reversible logic is one of the new paradigms for power optimization that can be used instead of the current circuits. Moreover, the fault-tolerance capability in the form of error detection or error correction is a vital aspect for current processing systems. In this paper, as the multiplication is an important operation in computing systems, some novel reversible multiplier designs are propose...

Increasing global demand for fresh water is driving the development and implementation of a wide variety of seawater desalination technologies driven by different combinations of heat, work, and chemical energy. This paper develops a consistent basis for comparing the energy consumption of such technologies using Second Law efficiency. The Second Law efficiency for a chemical separation process...

State-feedback model predictive control (MPC) of discrete-time linear periodic systems with timedependent state and input dimensions is considered. The states and inputs are subject to periodically time-dependent, hard, convex, polyhedral constraints. First, periodic controlled and positively invariant sets are characterized, and a method to determine the maximum periodic controlled and positiv...

This paper presents a robust controller design methodology for a class of linear uncertain multivariable systems with hard time-domain constraints on their outputs and control signals in response to step disturbance inputs. In this approach, the m×m MIMO system is replaced by m2 SISO systems and then, using the QFT technique, desirable controllers are synthesized. The final controller will be d...

‎Rough extreme learning machines (RELMs) are rough-neural networks with one hidden layer where the parameters between the inputs and hidden neurons are arbitrarily chosen and never updated‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we propose RELMs with a stable online learning algorithm for the identification of continuous-time nonlinear systems in the presence of noises and uncertainties‎, ‎and we prove the global ...

this paper introduces an indirect adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller as a power system stabilizer for damping local and inter-area modes of oscillations of multi-machine power systems. this controller is designed based on the combination of sliding mode controller and the fuzzy logic systems. the fuzzy systems are used to approximate the unknown functions of power system model. generator sp...

One of the principal aims of alternative cropping systems is to minimize excessive loss of N while maximizing N use efficiency and meeting crop N requirements. Many such cropping systems substitute intensive application of synthetic fertilizer with organic inputs, such as N2-fixing legumes. The effectiveness of legume residues as a N source for subsequent crops depends heavily on temporal N rel...

Fault detection and isolation, (FDI) of parametric faults in dynamic systems will be considered in this paper. An active fault diagnosis (AFD) approach is applied. The fault diagnosis will be investigated with respect to different information levels from the external inputs to the systems. These inputs are disturbance inputs, reference inputs and auxiliary inputs. The diagnosis of the system is...