Nowadays, digital image processing is the most common form of image processing. Digital image processing makes it possible to enhance image features of interest while attenuating detail irrelevant to a given application, and then extract useful information about the scene from the enhanced image. For instance, digital cameras usually include dedicated digital image processing chips in order to ...

The authors report demonstration of a low-cost 1000 USD interference lithography system based on a Lloyd’s mirror interferometer that is capable of 300 nm pitch patterning. The components include only a 405 nm GaN diode-laser module, a machinist’s block, a chrome-coated silicon mirror, substrate, and double-sided carbon scanning electron microscopy SEM tape. The laser and the machinist’s block ...

This paper presents a block based spatial watermarking method. The main interest of this method is that it attempts to realise a good compromise between robustness performance, quality of the embedding and computational cost. This method is based on elementary perceptual criterion and adapts the embedding with regards to the content of the blocks. The paper ends with results deduced from many p...

Periodontitis is a common and often lifelong infectious disease that is defined by loss of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone (81). The disease proceeds with periods of exacerbation and remission. Some types of periodontitis arrest spontaneously within a relatively short period of time, while other disease types undergo a prolonged course of tissue destruction that may lead to excess tooth ...

Building a low cost adaptive optics system of moderate performance is not difficult in principle, and in this article one approach adopted by our group is described. Our system is based on a membrane mirror, a Shack-Hartmann sensor and a simple control system. Two breadboard AO systems are described and we speculate on some possible future developments.

mitochondrial respiration is a complex process which its biochemistry is often poorly understood by undergraduate students when explained in toxicology lectures. the use of experiments to reinforce their knowledge is important, but not always possible because of low teaching budgets. therefore, a low cost model, made using water, oil, styrofoam and modeling clay, is presented here to simulate t...