Dielectric elastomers are soft actuators, made of an elastomer membrane sandwiched by compliant electrodes. Because their high energy density and quick response, they well suited for dynamic applications such as loudspeakers. Thanks to progress in the manufacturing process dielectric electrode shape can be patterned very diverse shapes. In this study, we focus on relation between dynamical acou...

Spatial reproduction in a conventional stereophonic audio system (e.g., stereo or 5.1 surround) works in a small area known as the ”sweet spot“. If the listener changes his position, the phantom source moves in the same direction and finally collapses into the nearer loudspeaker. A play-back system that adjusts the loudspeaker signals depending only on the listener’s position in real-time was e...

Panning techniques, such as vector base amplitude panning (VBAP) are a widely-used practical approach for spatial sound reproduction using multiple loudspeakers. Although limited to a relatively small listening area, they are very efficient and offer good localisation accuracy, timbral quality as well as a graceful degradation of quality outside the sweet spot. The aim of this paper is to inves...

Near-field Compensated Higher Order Ambisonics (NFC-HOA) is an approach to the physical synthesis of sound fields. The typical interpretation of the modern NFC-HOA approach is that the sound field to be synthesized and the spatial transfer function of the employed loudspeakers are expanded into series of spherical harmonics in order to determine the loudspeaker driving signals for spherical arr...

An unconventional type of electrostatic loudspeaker is presented in this paper. The loudspeaker made of thin, light, and flexible electret material lends itself well to the space-concerned applications. Electrical impedance measurement reveals that the coupling between the electrical system and the mechanical system is weak, which renders conventional parameter identification based on electrica...

This paper discusses a time-domain technique for synthesizing acoustic impedance at the diaphragm of a loudspeaker using a proportional-plus-derivative output feedback. The dynamics of electroacoustic transducers such as moving-coil loudspeakers can be readily controlled either by direct feedback principle on acoustic quantities, or by plugging a shunt network at the electrical terminals. Any c...

Binaural advantage was measured for 12 normally hearing subjects in a typical rectangular audiometric test room with a loudspeaker located in each corner. Four different loudspeaker configurations for presentation of signal and competition were evaluated. The results indicated that a configuration in which uncorrelated competition was delivered from both sides of the subject while the signal wa...