OBJECTIVE We examined the financial and social costs resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Missouri. METHODS We computed mortality rates from death certificates, the direct cost of TBI from hospital and emergency department (ED) visit charges, the social cost in terms of years of potential life lost (YPLL) using an abridged Missouri life table, and the indirect financial cost in term...

BACKGROUND Productivity losses often contribute significantly to the total costs in economic evaluations adopting a societal perspective. Currently, no consensus exists on the measurement and valuation of productivity losses. OBJECTIVE We aimed to develop a standardized instrument for measuring and valuing productivity losses. METHODS A group of researchers with extensive experience in meas...

With the advent of hypertext it has become widely accepted that the departure from the so-called " linear " structure of paper increases the likelihood of readers or users becoming lost. In this paper we will discuss this aspect of hypertext in terms of its validity, the lessons to be learned from the psychology of navigation and the applicability of the navigation metaphor to the hypertext dom...

We report 60 and 90 µm observations of 7 millisecond pulsars with ISO. The pulsar PSR B1257+12 is orbited by three planets, and other millisecond pulsars may be orbited by dust disks that represent planets that failed to form or their residue. We do not detect any infrared emission from the 7 pulsars in our sample, and typical upper limits are 100 mJy. Using a simple model, we constrain the typ...

This study was carried out among urban, rural and refugee camp populations in three localities (Rimal, Jabalia Village, Jabalia Refugee Camp), in Gaza Governorates – Palestine. School children between 6 and 11 years old were examined. The prevalence of intestinal parasites among 309 school children was higher in the rural area (53.3%) and the Refugee Camp (48.0%) than in urban areas (33.0%). Ma...

OBJECTIVE To describe the behavior of mortality in Mexico through four indicators from 1990 to 2012. MATERIAL AND METHODS The official mortality and population records of Mexico were used. RESULTS An advance was achieved for children under five years of age, with a decrease in mortality, although there was an increase in the years of potential life lost (YPLL) from 2008 for this age group. ...

Pulsar spindown forms a reliable yet enigmatic prototype for the energy loss processes in many astrophysical objects including accretion disks and back holes. In this paper we review the physics of pulsar magnetospheres, concentrating on recent developmen ts in force-free modeling of the magnetospheric structure. In particular, we discuss a new method for solving the equations of time-dependent...

This paper attempts to reconcile the controversy regarding Japan’s total factor productivity during its slump in the 1990s by clarifying the role of capital utilization. Hayashi and Prescott (2002) emphasized that the decline in the exogenous total factor productivity growth rate was the main cause. However, some empirical studies have also pointed out that the fall in capital utilization rates...