This paper proposes different ways to study individualized bandwidth. This bandwidth is used in noise signal for recognition and analysis in various ways but previous methods only apply weighted dB(A) and dB(C) to sound pressure level or one in low frequency scope. Also, there are A weight sound level ( ), NC curve (Noise Criteria Curves), and NR curve (Noise Rating Curves). This research tries...

Fullan (1991) reminds us that "change is multidimensional" and that it can "vary within the same person as well as within groups ." Yet research frequently conceptualizes change solely in terms ofdifferences in status . Researchers gather data over two time points, compute the status for each time point, and proceed to look for differences in status over time . Consider the example of a survey ...

We propose a framework to model the evolution of the entire yield curve over time, maintaining consistency with the cross sectional fit across maturities. Using a parsimonious representation of the business cycle, namely the loop representation, as the key driver of the yield curve, the model combines the cross sectional properties like the curve shape with its dynamic evolution, depending on t...

Experienced surgeons commonly mentor trainees as they move through their initial learning curves. During robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery, several tools exist to facilitate proctored cases, such as two-dimensional telestration and a dual surgeon console. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility and efficiency of three, novel proctoring tools for robot-assisted minimally in...

Microsurgery simulation courses increasingly use assessment methodologies to evaluate the quality of microvascular anastomosis and to provide constructive feedback in competency-based training. Assessment tools evaluating the "journey" of skill acquisition in anastomosis have evolved, including global rating scores, hand motion analysis, and evaluation of the final outcome, that is, "end-produc...