The sluggish respiratory response to chondria of alloxan diabetic rats and ADP in liver mitohibernating ground squirrels was overcome by addition of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, suggesting that poor penetration of ADP prevented maximum oxygen consumption. The in uivo depression of adenine nucleotide translocation through the inner mitochondrial membrane was confirmed directly by mea...

Ferroptosis is a form of oxidative cell death that characterized by enhanced lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial impairment. The enzymes acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) play an essential role in the biosynthesis polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing phospholipids, thereby providing substrates for promoting ferroptosi...

We have examined the fatty acid substrate specificity of arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase from human platelet membranes. A variety of positional isomers and chain-length analogs of arachidonic acid [20:4(5, 8, 11, 14)] were synthesized, and assayed for their ability to inhibit arachidonoyl-CoA formation or to serve as substrates for the synthetase. The chain-length specificity of the synthetase for ...

The catalytically essential glutamate residue that initiates catalysis by abstracting the substrate alpha-hydrogen as H+ is located at position 376 (mature MCADH numbering) on loop JK in medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCADH). In long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCADH) and isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVDH), the corresponding Glu carrying out the same function is placed at position 255 ...

Embryos of Cuphea lanceolata have more than 80 mol% of decanoic acid ('capric acid') in their triacylglycerols, while this fatty acid is virtually absent in phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho). Seed development was complete 25-27 days after pollination, with rapid triacylglycerol deposition occurring between 9 and 24 days. PtdCho amounts increased until day 15 after pollination. Analysis of embryo lip...

Fatty acid b-oxidation occurs in both mitochondria and peroxisomes. Long chain fatty acids are also metabolized by the cytochrome P450 CYP4A v-oxidation enzymes to toxic dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) that serve as substrates for peroxisomal b-oxidation. Synthetic peroxisome proliferators interact with peroxisome proliferator activated receptor a (PPARa) to transcriptionally activate genes that part...

Chronic exposure (24-72 hrs) of pancreatic islets to elevated glucose and fatty acid leads to glucolipoxicity characterized by basal insulin hypersecretion and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Our aim was to determine the mechanism for basal hypersecretion of insulin. We used mono-oleoyl-glycerol (MOG) as a tool to rapidly increase lipids in isolated rat pancreatic ß-cells ...

Aims: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been found to ameliorate major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with heart failure preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but the exact mechanism is unknown. Ferroptosis a form of programmed necrosis. Herein, we verified that canagliflozin (CANA) ameliorates function HFpEF rats, partly by regulating ferroptosis, which may be ac...

An enzymatic method has been developed for the measurement of malonyl-CoA in perchioric acid extracts of liver. With this method the relative activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase have been studied in vivo by comparing the diet-induced changes in malonyl-CoA concentrations with rates of 3Hz0 incorporation into fatty acids. Malonyl-CoA concentrations were low in the fat-...

Long-chain acyl-CoA esters have potent specific actions (e.g. on gene transcription, membrane trafficking) as well as non-specific ones (e.g. on phospholipid bilayers). They are synthesized on the cytosolic aspects of several intracellular membranes, to give rise to (a) cytosolic pool(s) to which a variety of enzymes and processes have access, including some localized in the nucleus. Their conc...