In the Appearance/Reality (AR) task some 3- and 4-year-old children make perseverative errors: they choose the same word for the appearance and the function of a deceptive object. Are these errors specific to the AR task, or signs of a general question-answering problem? Preschoolers completed five tasks: AR; simple successive forced-choice question pairs (QP); flexible naming of objects (FN); ...

John Woods’ Errors of Reasoning (EoR) flies in the face of logical orthodoxy in an astonishing number of ways. Its 550 pages make numerous claims on a great many subjects. Due to space limitations, this review will focus only on some of them. I nevertheless hope to give the general flavour of this thought-provoking book. The official core topic of EoR is the one of logical fallacies. And the co...

background: to correct patient positioning errors (setup errors) during prostate cancer treatment using epid and fiducial gold markers, to improve the accuracy of the dose delivery in these patients. materials and methods: fifteen patients with localized prostate carcinoma after implantation of fiducial gold markers in their prostate gland underwent the five-field imrt planning technique. the p...