The issue concerning how much and under what circumstances epinephrine vasoconstriction within dental local anesthesia is appropriate has been strenuously debated over the last 50 years. Because relevant human and animal studies are difficult to perform, there are, at present, insufficient data to answer many of our questions.Many of the previous conclusions regarding safety and efficacy were b...

UNLABELLED According to the European Association of Urology guidelines, local periprostatic anesthesia during ultrasound guided biopsy is "state of the art" without specifying the exact benefits and character of choice vs. necessity of this maneuver. AIM To determine the benefits of using periprostatic anesthesia as standard method of analgesia in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound gu...

This review summarizes the added value of local anesthetics in patients undergoing craniotomy for brain tumor resection, which is a procedure that is carried out frequently in neurosurgical practice. The procedure can be carried out under general anesthesia, sedation with local anesthesia or under local anesthesia only. Literature shows a large variation in the postoperative pain intensity rang...