Blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common injury among Iraq and Afghanistan military veterans due to the frequent use of improvised explosive devices. A significant minority of individuals with mTBI report chronic postconcussion symptoms (PCS), which include physical, emotional, and cognitive complaints. However, chronic PCS are nonspecific and are also associated with mental...

INTRODUCTION This study determined the trends of reported G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) mishaps from 1980--1999, and determined potential risk factors in pilot characteristics; specifically, 30/60/ 90-h and sortie history, total flight hours, total hours in the aircraft, age, height, weight, and BMI. METHODS Using aircraft malfunction mishaps to reflect a cross-section of USAF pilot...

The functional role of efferent innervation of the vestibular end-organs in the inner ear remains elusive. This study provides the first physiological characterization of the cholinergic vestibular efferent (VE) neurons in the brainstem by utilizing a transgenic mouse model, expressing eGFP under a choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT)-locus spanning promoter in combination with targeted patch clamp...

The aim of this note is to show that Alexandrov solutions of the Monge-Ampère equation, with right hand side bounded away from zero and infinity, converge strongly in W 2,1 loc if their right hand side converge strongly in Lloc. As a corollary we deduce strong W 1,1 loc stability of optimal transport maps.

The lateral occipital complex (LOC) responds preferentially to objects compared with random stimuli or textures independent of the visual cue. However, it is unknown whether the LOC (or other cortical regions) are involved in the processing of edges or global surfaces without shape information. Here, we examined processing of 1) global shape, 2) disconnected edges without a global shape, and 3)...

BACKGROUND The bispectral index (BIS) and the spectral entropy (state entropy, SE, and response entropy, RE) are depth-of-anaesthesia monitors derived from EEG and have been developed to measure the effects of anaesthetics on the cerebral cortex. We studied whether they can differentiate consciousness from unconsciousness during increasing doses of three different anaesthetic agents. METHODS ...

By using quasi–derivatives we develop a Fourier method for studying the spectral gaps of one dimensional Schrödinger operators with periodic singular potentials v. Our results reveal a close relationship between smoothness of potentials and spectral gap asymptotics under a priori assumption v ∈ H loc (R). They extend and strengthen similar results proved in the classical case v ∈ L loc (R).

rials (Figure and eFigure 2). Smartphone-attached “laboratory on chip” (LOC) devices with modular microfluidic chips based on optoelectrowetting technology can perform sample preparation and detection steps in a simple and automated manner; LOC devices to run capillary electrophoresis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, enzymatic assays, biomarker screening, and immunoassays h...

Syncope accounts for 1–1.5% of emergency room visits and up to 6% of general hospital admissions. Patients with syncope present with a blackout, or transient loss of consciousness (T-LOC), and may present in family practice, cardiology, general medicine, accident and emergency, neurology, geriatric medicine, and psychiatry. Generally, a patient with T-LOC can only give limited details of the ev...

Recent studies using electroencephalography (EEG) suggest that alteration of coherent activity between the anterior and posterior brain regions might be used as a neurophysiologic correlate of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. One way to assess causal relationships between brain regions is given by renormalized partial directed coherence (rPDC). Importantly, directional connectivity is evalua...