This draft specifies a modification to RFC 3168 to allow TCP SYN/ACK packets to be ECN-Capable. For TCP, RFC 3168 only specifies setting an ECN-Capable codepoint on data packets, and not on SYN and SYN/ACK packets. However, because of the high cost to the TCP transfer of having a SYN/ACK packet dropped, with the resulting retransmit timeout, this document specifies the use of ECN for the SYN/AC...

OBJECTIVES To identify all of the patients affected by chronic hepatitis C infection treated with TNF-α blockers (adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab and infliximab) in order to evaluate the safety profile. METHODS A systematic review of the literature from January 1990 to October 2010. RESULTS In total, 37 publications with data on 153 patients who were treated with anti-...

In this paper, we investigate optimal load balancing strategies for a multi-class multi-server processor-sharing system with a Poisson input stream, heterogeneous service rates, and a server-dependent holding cost per unit time. Specifically, we study (i) the centralized setting in which a dispatcher routes incoming jobs based on their service time requirements so as to minimize the weighted me...

this study focuses on the relationship between lower-intermediate level efl learners’ metacognitive awareness and accuracy in self-assessment of a speaking test. we tried to raise the learners’ metacognitive awareness through practice in goal-setting and planning. to do so, 103 lower-intermediate level students took a pretest of speaking, completed a metacognitive awareness questionnaire, and h...

i ntroduction: the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether adding 2% chlorhexidine (chx) and 2.6% sodium hypochlorite (naocl) to calcium-enriched mixture (cem) cement would affect its setting time (st), or not. methods and materials: in this study, the setting time of cem cement was evaluated in three groups ( n =9) as follows: group 1; cem cement, group 2; cem cement+2% chx and group ...

the process of determining the minimum pass level to separate the competent students from those who do not perform well enough is called standard setting. a large number of methods are widely used to set cut-scores for both written and clinical examinations. there are some challenging issues pertaining to any standard setting procedure. ignoring these concerns would result in a large dispute re...

background: intrapartam complications such as foetal malpresentation, placental abruption, dysfunctional labour, and postpartum haemorrhage are associated with grandmultiparity. in developing countries and many parts of africa and sub-saharan africa, there is limited access to medical care. there is a need in these areas to identify women whose pregnancies are at risk of complication and it is ...

Our image of the working scientist remains inherently romantic (1). We envision an individual, working alone, pursuing knowledge in an area solely for its intrinsic interest. As attractive as the image may be, it has little to do with the realities of current work in the sciences (2, 3, 4). Scientists work in a distinctly social setting, conducting their work in both collaboration and competiti...

This paper discusses themes associated with the enterprise of educational research, particularly as it applies to notions of ontology and epistemology in ‘quantitative’ and ‘qualitative’ methodologies. It begins by identifying the ‘space’ that educational research occupies in the contemporary social setting and indicates the growing complexities of the ‘real world’ which researchers contemplate...