Customer class load profiles are widely used in distribution network analysis. They are used, for example, in distribution network load flow calculation, state estimation, planning calculation and tariff planning. Previously, load profiling required expensive and timeconsuming load research projects, but now automatic meter reading is providing huge amounts of information on electricity consump...

The distribution system connects customers to the rest of electrical grid. network suffers from rising power losses and low frequency, which are greater than transmission voltage problems. One solutions for these problems furnished by under-frequency load shedding based on optimal selection loads using a suitable optimization algorithm. Because its simple design inexpensive cost, radial (RDS) w...

The operation of a distribution system in the presence of distributed generation systems has someadvantages and challenges. Optimal sizing and siting of DG systems has economic, technical, andenvironmental benefits in distribution systems. Improper selection of DG systems can reduce theseadvantages or even result in deterioration in the normal operation of the distribution system. DGallocation ...

Structural reliability depends on uncertainties in resistance and loads. In many practical cases the resistance dominates and a reduction of uncertainty about resistance is an effective way of increasing safety. It can be accomplished by proof loading. A truncated distribution is considered and reliability indices are calculated for various proof load levels. The structural reliability is sensi...

The aim of this work was WC distribution in base Al-Si-Mg (A356) alloy as reinforcing agent. WC Solid particles in the sub-23-nm size range added to melted alloy by centrifuge casting. The cylinder tube without gap was obtained. FESEM and OPM results show that the distribution depends upon the rotational speeds of the mould and centrifugal casting conditions. According to the MAP results, durin...

This study used particle swarm optimization (PSO) to determine the optimal values of effective design variables acting on the stress distribution around a quasi-triangular hole in an infinite orthotropic plate. These parameters were load angle, hole orientation, bluntness, fiber angle, and material properties, which were ascertained on the basis of an analytical method used by Lekhnitskii [3]. ...