Database normalization is a standard technique to ensure data integrity. Explicitly specified 3D topology as well ensures geometric consistency. This article explains a stepwise reduction of redundancy in the 3D data model. Whereas the topological normalization is well discussed in literature the geometric normalization is a subject to recent research. This approach of data normalization is mot...

This paper presents work done to utilize RADARSAT-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to reconstruct 3-D of coastal water front. The velocity bunching model was used to extract the significant wave height from RADARSAT-1 SAR, while the Volterra model was used to model the front movements. B-spline also was implemented to reconstruct the front into 3-D. This study shows that the integration be...

Peak O2 uptake (VO2) has traditionally been compared among individuals differing in body composition by dividing measured values (1/min) by fat-free mass (FFM) (i.e., ratio method). However, the ability of the ratio method to mathematically remove the confounding influence of FFM from peak VO2 has recently been questioned. Therefore, we compared the effectiveness of the ratio method vs. regress...

High-throughput real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is a widely used technique in experiments where expression patterns of genes are to be profiled. qPCR is widely accepted as the ”gold standard” for analysis of gene expression. Recent technological advances have greatly expanded the total number of genes that can be analyzed in a single assay; qPCR exp...

The raw data from a cDNA microarray experiment consist of pairs of image files. Pre-processsing steps such as image anlysis and normalization are required to extract reliable measures of the fluorescence intensities and allowed comparisons within and between slides. All images were processed by Spot with foreground seeds set to 5 pixels square. In addition, within and between slide normalizatio...

The measurements of coordinated patterns of protein abundance using antibody microarrays could be used to gain insight into disease biology and to probe the use of combinations of proteins for disease classification. The correct use and interpretation of antibody microarray data requires proper normalization of the data, which has not yet been systematically studied. Therefore we undertook a st...

Incremental view maintenance techniques are required for many new types of data models that are being increasingly used in industry. One of these models is the nested relational model that is used in the modelling complex objects in databases. In this paper we derive a group of expressions for incrementally evaluating query expressions in the nested relational model. We also present an algorith...

A bargaining rule is ordinally invariant if its solutions are independent of which utility functions are chosen to represent the agents’ preferences. For two agents, only dictatorial bargaining rules satisfy this property (Shapley, L., La Décision: Agrégation et Dynamique des Ordres de Préférence, Editions du CNRS (1969) 251). For three agents, we construct a “normalized subclass” of problems t...