Lithium, an effective treatment for mania and the prevention of recurrent episodes of both mania and depression in patients with manic depressive illness, exerts multiple biochemical effects. However, any clinically relevant site of action of lithium must occur at therapeutic concentrations attained in the brain of patients and must account for the lag period accompanying onset of action as wel...

The demand for next generation of lithium based batteries with higher capacity and rate as well as increased cycle and calendar life requires new lithium storage and transfer mechanisms beyond what current lithium ion battery technique could provide. In lithium based battery, the lithium ions are stored in electrode materials either by physically intercalating (e.g. LiCoC2) or chemically alloyi...

Molecular dynamics simulations of concentrated aqueous solutions of LiCl and Li2SO4 were conducted in order to provide molecular insight into recent neutron scattering data. The structures predicted from the molecular dynamics simulations using standard nonpolarizable force fields provided a very poor fit to the experiment; therefore, refinement was needed. The electronic polarizability of the ...

Two-cell mouse embryos were cultured in vitro for different periods in a medium in which NaCl was partially replaced by LiCl at concentrations ranging from 1 to 30 mM. The relative cell number diminished according to increasing LiCl concentrations but the onset of blastulation was not affected, thus resulting in blastulae with fewer cells than normal and with a reduced or absent inner cell mass...

New energy industry including electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage in smart grids requires energy storage systems of good safety, high reliability, high energy density and low cost. Here a coated Li metal is used as anode for an aqueous rechargeable lithium battery (ARLB) combining LiMn2O4 as cathode and 0.5 mol l(-1) Li2SO4 aqueous solution as electrolyte. Due to the "cross-over" e...

Garnet-type solid-state electrolytes have attracted extensive attention due to their high ionic conductivity, approaching 1 mS cm-1, excellent environmental stability, and wide electrochemical stability window, from lithium metal to ∼6 V. However, to date, there has been little success in the development of high-performance solid-state batteries using these exceptional materials, the major chal...

Inorganic-solid lithium electrolytes are typically thought of as single-ion conductors, but the presence secondary carriers can strongly affect their performance. Conventional descriptions multi-carrier transport neglect both interactions between mobile species and stress diffusion — phenomena which markedly impact electrical response. We apply irreversible thermodynamics to develop a chemomech...

Atomic hydrogen exists ubiquitously in graphene materials made by chemical methods. Yet determining the effect of hydrogen on the electrochemical performance of graphene remains a significant challenge. Here we report the experimental observations of high rate capacity in hydrogen-treated 3-dimensional (3D) graphene nanofoam electrodes for lithium ion batteries. Structural and electronic charac...

Emission of gas at charged states of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is a significant problem because it causes swelling and deformation of LIBs. In this study, the gas generation mechanism is investigated and preventative measures are developed. Decomposition of the electrolyte solution related to residual lithium compounds on the surface of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) and to the structural chan...

The LiMn2O4 hollow nanofibers with a porous structure have been synthesized by modified electrospinning techniques and subsequent thermal treatment. The precursors were electrospun directly onto the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass. The heating rate and FTO as substrate play key roles on preparing porous hollow nanofiber. As cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), LiMn2O4 hollow...