Ontologies present an attractive technology for describing bio-medicine, because they can be shared, and have rich computational properties. However, they lack the rich expressivity of English and fit poorly with the current scientific “publish or perish” model. While, there have been attempts to combine free text and ontologies, most of these perform post-hoc annotation of text. In this paper,...

This document introduces PlDoc, a literate programming system for Prolog. Starting point for PlDoc was minimal distraction from the programming task and maximal immediate reward, attempting to seduce the programmer to use the system. Minimal distraction is achieved using structured comments that are as closely as possible related to common Prolog documentation practices. Immediate reward is pro...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections are a serious global and national public health problem. Earlier studies have reported increasing rates of hepatitis infection in Pakistan, particularly in rural areas. Pakistan has no active surveillance program to monitor trends of these infections. The objective of this study was to verify this trend in blood donors from the rural Sindh are...

the study of islamic history and arabic literature makes us acquaited with different short and long news about the cultural, political and social personality of sukayna bint el_hossain (pbuh), a great and educated lady of the household of the holy prophet (pbuh). she is one of the few ladies whose scientific and cultural personality had been mentioned in many literal-historical books in an exac...

one of the basic rituals of islam is fasting during ramadan. in this month, all able-bodied muslims abstain from food, fluids, smoking, and oral medications from sunrise to sunset. according to the quran, if fasting poses major health risks to individuals, fasting during this holy month is not allowed. this study aimed to evaluate the effects of fasting on maternal and fetal health. therefore, ...

Literate programming systems are a class of domain specific languages designed to encourage writing programs specifically to be read as essays or books by humans instead of by machines. Systems like CWEB, WEB, and ChezWEB allow the user to associate arbitrary code bodies with a concise but natural language description. That description may then be referred to in other sections of the program so...

T he year 2015 may be regarded as the most environmentally significant year in history: the Paris agreement on climate change and the 2030 agenda for sustainable development are two unprecedented international agreements that together provide a roadmap to achieve a low-carbon, climate-resilient world and to eradicate global poverty. However, given the implementation of these agreements is large...

CLiP (Code from Literate Program) is a tool which allows writing literate programs in virtually any programming language (Pascal, Fortran, C, C++, Assembler languages, etc) and in combination with almost any formatter (Runoff, Troff, TeX, LaTeX, etc.) or word-processor (Winword, Lotus Manuscript, Ami Pro, Word Perfect, Wordstar, etc). This posting explains the CLiP philosophy and compares it to...