Aggression by top predators can create a "landscape of fear" in which subordinate predators restrict their activity to low-risk areas or times of day. At large spatial or temporal scales, this can result in the costly loss of access to resources. However, fine-scale reactive avoidance may minimize the risk of aggressive encounters for subordinate predators while maintaining access to resources,...

This study investigates the incorporation of traditions and innovations in use Suixi Lion Heads lion dance performances China. are a form folk art that has been passed down through generations, their design incorporates new elements while still maintaining traditional essence. Through an analysis visual symbols production process Heads, this explores how balance between tradition innovation con...

Lion lentivirus (LLV; also known as feline immunodeficiency virus of lion, Panthera leo [FIVPle]) is present in free-ranging and captive lion populations at a seroprevalence of up to 100%; however, clinical signs are rarely reported. LLV displays up to 25% interclade sequence diversity, suggesting that it has been in the lion population for some time and may be significantly host adapted. Three...

BACKGROUND Understanding changes in the host-parasite relationship due to habitat fragmentation is necessary for better management and conservation of endangered species in fragmented landscapes. Pathogens and parasites can pose severe threat to species in restricted environments such as forest fragments where there is increased contact of wildlife with human and livestock populations. Environm...

Domestic cats are the natural reservoir of Bartonella henselae, B. clarridgeiae and B. koehlerae. To determine the role of wild felids in the epidemiology of Bartonella infections, blood was collected from 14 free-ranging California mountain lions (Puma concolor) and 19 bobcats (Lynx rufus). Bartonella spp. were isolated from four (29%) mountain lions and seven (37%) bobcats. These isolates wer...

Along the Brazilian coast only two haul-outs of South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) are known: Ilha dos Lobos and Molhe Leste, both located in the southernmost state of Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul. Most sea lions observed in these haul-outs are adult and sub-adult males. It is supposed that the species' presence in these areas is due to food supply and absence of parental assistance by m...

Barron, Mace and Ron Heintz. 2002. Work plan to investigate contamination and effects in Steller sea lions in Alaska. Juneau, AK, [U.S. Department of Commerce], NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratory. 56p. + attachments. REPRINT FILE Barron, Mace G., Ron Heintz, and Margaret M. Krahn. 2003. Contaminant exposure and effects in pinnipeds: implications for Steller sea lio...