It is claimed that bilingual children have two separate linguistic systems from early ages. Over the past decades, linguists carried out a number of studies to test the validity of the claim. They explored bilingual children’s code-mixing in correlation with a variety of linguistic elements, such as lexicon, syntax, phonology in different contexts, concluding that bilingual children had separat...

On the Linguistic Data Consortium’s (LDC) 20th anniversary, this paper describes the changes to the language resource landscape over the past two decades, how LDC has adjusted its practice to adapt to them and how the business model continues to grow. Specifically, we will discuss LDC’s evolving roles and changes in the sizes and types of LDC language resources (LR) as well as the data they inc...

This paper describes the Unisys MUC-3 text understanding system, a system based upon a three tiered approach to text processing in which a powerful knowledge-based form of information retrieval plays a central role . This knowledge-based form of information retrieval makes it possible to define a n effective level of text analysis that falls somewhere between what is possible with standard keyw...

To be fully utilized, linguistic information present in decision-making, has to be made operational through information granulation. This study is concerned with information granulation present in the problems of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is available in the characterization of a pairwise assessment of alternatives studied in the decision-making problem. The granulation of entries...

this study investigated iranian english language learners’ use of circumlocution for culture-specific referents. a discourse completion test (dct) was designed in english and persian, consisting of items dealing with iranian culture-specific notions and distributed among 3 groups. the persian language group received the persian version, whereas the english language learners, divided into high a...

Since the concept of linguistic variables was proposed, various kinds of linguistic terms have been used to express decision makers’ preference information in order to solve group decision making (GDM) problems. Probabilistic linguistic term set (PLTS) is a novel extension form of the existing linguistic variables. Based on it, the probabilistic linguistic preference relation (PLPR) has been pr...

We present a comparative analysis of the performance of a statistics-based system for the formation of semantic groups of adjectives when various sources of linguistic knowledge are introduced. We identify four different types of slufllow linguistic knowledge that are applicable to this system, and we quantify the performance gained by incorporating each such knowledge module, We perform experi...

It is common that experts involved in complex decision real world problems use natural language for expressing their knowledge in uncertain frameworks. The language is inherent vague, hence probabilistic decision models are not very suitable in such cases. Therefore, other tools as fuzzy logic and fuzzy linguistic approach have been successfully used to model and manage such vagueness. The use ...

The aim of this paper is to present a new model of decision support system for group decision making problems based on a linguistic approach and dynamic sets of alternatives. The model incorporates a mechanism that allows to manage dynamic decision situations in which some information about the problem is not constant in time. We assume that the set of alternatives can change during the decisio...