The problem of explicit generation of unitary operators for atomic systems with degenerate energy levels is considered. The Lie algebra structure is used to derive constructive control schemes for the creation of arbitrary superposition states and selective population interchanges for a transition between two three-fold degenerate energy levels.

The proliferation of country groupings indicates the need to assess the effectiveness of the current system for development cooperation and to explore better ways to manage the international system, as heterogeneity among developing countries increases. Great caution should be exercised in devising new country categories. Donors can use sound criteria for aid allocation without creating new gro...

We introduce SAPIENS, a platform for extracting quotations from news wires, associated with their author and context. The originality of SAPIENS is that it relies on a deep linguistic processing chain, which allows for extracting quotations with a wide coverage and an extended definition, including quotations which are only partially quotes-delimited verbatim transcripts. We describe the archit...

The central notion of structural linguistics is that of contrast or opposition: The linguistic value and role of a unit cannot be reduced to its physical substance, but is crucially determined by the network of relations that it enters into with other units of a similar kind: phoneme to phoneme, morpheme to morpheme, etc. A mid front vowel /e/ in a five-vowel system is something quite different...

In this paper, we describe the methodological procedures and issues that emerged from the development of a pilot Levantine Arabic Treebank (LATB) at the Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) and its use at the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) Center for Language and Speech Processing workshop on Parsing Arabic Dialects (PAD). This pilot, consisting of morphological and syntactic annotation of approxim...

As the organizers of the ACL 2007 Deep Linguistic Processing workshop (Baldwin et al., 2007), we were asked to discuss our perspectives on the role of current trends in deep linguistic processing for parsing technology. We are particularly interested in the ways in which efficient, broad coverage parsing systems for linguistically expressive grammars can be built and integrated into application...

The Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) creates and provides language resources (LRs) including data, tools and specifications. In order to assess the impact of these LRs and to support both LR users and authors, LDC is collecting metadata about and URLs for research papers that introduce, describe, critique, extend or rely upon LDC LRs. Current collection efforts focus on papers published in jour...

This paper describes our Question Answering system participated in QAC Task1 of NTCIR3 and reports the results with some observations. Through analyzing the previous TREC QA data, we defined passage and developed passage selection method suitable for Question Answering. Using LexicoSemantic Patterns (LSP), we identify answer type of a question and detect answer candidates without any deep lingu...

We report on the development and employment of lexical entry templates in a large–coverage unification–based grammar of Spanish. The aim of the work reported in this paper is to provide robust deep linguistic processing in order to make the grammar more adequate for industrial NLP applications.