The Arabic Treebank (ATB), released by the Linguistic Data Consortium, contains multiple annotation files for each source file, due in part to the role of diacritic inclusion in the annotation process. The data is made available in both ”vocalized” and ”unvocalized” forms, with and without the diacritic marks, respectively. Much parsing work with the ATB has used the unvocalized form, on the ba...

The paper examines the impact of the income distribution in a less-developed country (LDC) on its patterns of trade, through its influence on home market demand patterns. In a learning-by-doing model with nonhomothetic preferences, the authors show that import substitution under low inequality generates more focused learning and enhances trade potential more effectively. In addition, relative w...

Coverage has been a constant thorn in the side of deployed deep linguistic processing applications, largely because of the difficulty in constructing, maintaining and domaintuning the complex lexicons that they rely on. This paper reviews various strands of research on deep lexical acquisition (DLA), i.e. the (semi-)automatic creation of linguistically-rich language resources, particularly from...

In this paper, the multi-person decision making problems with various different types of incomplete linguistic preference relations are studied. Some new concepts, including incomplete uncertain linguistic preference relation, incomplete triangular fuzzy linguistic preference relation, incomplete trapezoid fuzzy linguistic preference relation, expected incomplete linguistic preference relation ...

This study examined four universal operating principles for first language acquisition proposed by Slobin (1973) and MacWhinney (1978). The applicability of these principles to second-language acquisition was tested by teaching children and adults a miniature linguistic system. The results suggested that the four principles played a major role in the learning of the system by 5-to 7-year-olds b...

Despite being an important component of problem-solving ability, relatively little is known about the linguistic features of creativity and the related constructs of elaboration, humor, and persuasion. In order to better understand the linguistic features of these constructs, two analyses were performed to examine relationships between linguistic features and human judgments of humor, persuasio...

objectives : the study was designed to investigate the impairment of the ability to discriminate between nouns and verbs, resulting from the damage to the left-hemisphere, a condition which could lead to linguistic disorders proportionate to the depth and extent of the damage. various experimental and clinical investigations have demonstrated that nouns and verbs may, independent of one another...