OBJECTIVE To obtain diagnostic guidelines of Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis (FHC) in the absence of heterochromia using Bayesian methods. METHODS The pre-test and post-test likelihood that a certain patient without heterochromia (but with other characteristic symptoms of the disease such as iris nodules, cataracts, glaucoma or vitritis) has FCH, was assessed by the Bayes' theorem for condition...

The intergenerational transmission of violence hypothesis has been stated in four general ways: “abuse breeds abuse,” “abuse breeds crime,” “abuse breeds violent crime,” and “abuse breeds a life of crime.” Scholars have disagreed as to whether abuse is a dichotomous concept or notthat is, abuse or no abuse. Some researchers have suggested that abuse is on a continuum of severity and frequency o...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), systolic blood pressure (BP) > or =160 mm Hg and diastolic BP (DBP) <90 mm Hg, is associated with stroke; however, the correlation between specific BP indices and stroke mortality in ISH is not defined. METHODS In a pooled analysis of 9 epidemiological studies, we examined whether pulse pressure (PP) was more predictive of stroke mo...

A popular combination in modern coding system is the convolutional encoder and the Viterbi decoder [5]. With a proper design, they can jointly provide an acceptable performance with feasible decoding complexity. In such a combination, a tradeoff on the error performance and the decoding complexity resides on the choice of the code constraint length. Specifically, the probability of Viterbi deco...

This study analyzes the risk of severe fatal accidents within the full fossil energy chains causing five or more fatalities. The risk is quantified separately for OECD and non-OECD countries. In addition for the Coal chain, Chinese data are analyzed separately because it has been shown that data prior to 1994 were subject to strong underreporting. In order to assess the risk and its uncertainty...

Estimator variables are factors that can affect the accuracy of eyewitness identifications but that are outside of the control of the criminal justice system. Examples include (1) the duration of exposure to the perpetrator, (2) the passage of time between the crime and the identification (retention interval), (3) the distance between the witness and the perpetrator at the time of the crime. Su...

In this paper we compare the properties of four different general approaches for testing the ratio of two Poisson rates. Asymptotically normal tests, tests based on approximate p -values, exact conditional tests, and a likelihood ratio test are considered. The properties and power performance of these tests are studied by a Monte Carlo simulation experiment. Sample size calculation formulae are...

Cosmological parameters from Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 7 year data are re-analysed by substituting a pixel-based likelihood estimator to the one delivered publicly by the WMAP team. Our pixel-based estimator handles exactly intensity and polarization in a joint manner, allowing us to use low-resolution maps and noise covariance matrices in T, Q, U at the same resolution, which...

Albert (Clin Chem 1982;28:1113-9) has proposed estimation of likelihood ratios by logistic regression analysis. The usual likelihood-ratio approach for estimation of post-test probability of disease from sensitivity and specificity data of a diagnostic test has been extended by Birkett (J Clin Epidemiol 1988; 41:491-4) for situations with more than two diagnostic categories. We suggest here a c...