A bacterial infection that affects the periodontium in various ways is called periodontitis. Bacterial plaque triggers inflammatory response host, which damages host's tissue. In to microbial invasion, it now understood immune system uses a family of pattern-recognition receptors termed Toll-like as mechanism initiate an response. TLRs, or toll-like receptors, were first identified drosophila a...

Darier’s disease results from abnormal keratinization of skin and is characterized by numerous keratotic papules that preferentially involve seborrheic areas. Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption (KVE) occurs by viral infections such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) in some inflammatory skin disorders like Darier’s disease. Herein, we describe a 68-year-old man, a known case of Darier’s disease, who pr...

introduction basidiobolomycosis is a rare disease that, unlike other fungal infections, affects immunocompetent individuals. it is caused by an environmental saprophyte named the fungus basidiobolus ranarum. basidiobolomycosis usually appears as a subcutaneous infection. gi basidiobolomycosis is an emerging disease, and the colon is the most frequent involved part of the gi tract. case presenta...

balo's concentric multiple scleroses (ms) is a rare demyelinating disease and a variant of multiple sclerosis. we report a case with interesting misleading clinical history and typical ri findings of balo disease. a 19-year-old girl presented with fever and left hemiparesis following dental procedure 15 days ago. on physical examination fever and left limbs forces loss were noted. on ct scan a ...

Dear Editor-in-Chief The recent report on “The Adverse Effects of Pregnancies Complicated by Hemoglobin H (HBH) Disease” is very interesting (1). Rabiee et al. reported a pregnant case complicated with HBH disease. Indeed, this problem might not common in the Middle East but it is very common in Southeast Asia. The authors hereby would like to share the experience on this top...