The pervasive application of wireless sensor networks (WNSs) is challenged by the scarce energy constraints of sensor nodes. En-route filtering schemes, especially commutative cipher based en-route filtering (CCEF) can saves energy with better filtering capacity. However, this approach suffer from fixed paths and inefficient underlying routing designed for ad-hoc networks. Moreover, with decrea...

In wireless sensor networks that consist of a number power constrained nodes, the foremost challenges are limited energy and system lifetime. Therefore, designing efficient routing protocols, which prolong network lifetime, is one most critical issues. This paper evaluated several clustering algorithms, namely: Highest Degree Clustering Algorithm (HDCA), Lowest Identifier (LIDCA) under three me...

Sensor nodes deployed in wireless sensor networks (WSN) are resource constrained, battery operated and have a restricted energy resource. The significant number of network applications aim to extend the longevity by using various strategies. Clustering algorithms were proven be among best efficient ways for increasing reliability. In network, clustering-based solutions control operations manage...