INTRODUCTION This study was conducted to compare the effects of 6 self-etching primers (SEPs) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded with the same orthodontic composite resin. METHODS One hundred forty extracted premolars were randomly divided into 7 groups (20 per group). In group I (control), the enamel was etched with 37% phosphoric acid. In the other groups, it wa...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to microstructurally characterize and to make comparisons of the physical properties of sintered dental porcelains prepared by mixing with distilled water and with their modeling liquid. METHODS Six commercial porcelain powders: IPS Classic (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein), IPS d.SIGN (Ivoclar Vivadent AG), IPS InLine (Ivoclar Vivadent AG), Vita...

INTRODUCTION Several studies have shown an increased risk of type 2 diabetes among smokers. Therefore, the aim of this analysis was to assess the relationship between smoking, cumulative smoking exposure and nicotine dependence with pre-diabetes. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of healthy adults aged 25-41 in the Principality of Liechtenstein. Individuals with known diabetes, ...

The Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, which opened at Helsinki on 3 July 1973 and continued at Geneva from 18 September 1973 to 21 July 1975, was concluded at Helsinki on I August 1975 by the High Representatives of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, the German Democratic Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany, Greece, the H...

At present a lot of organizations are developing and deploying Intranets to improve the internal communication and to facilitate the distribution of information. Frequently the Intranet solution is not integrated in the business processes of the organization and responsibilities both for the operation of the necessary infrastructure and for the Intranet content are not clearly defined. This can...

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of elevated blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors in the population and their progression over time is still incompletely understood, especially in young and healthy adults. METHODS The genetic and phenotypic determinants of blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors (GAPP) study is a population-based prospective cohort study involving a re...

  Objective: Despite the advantages of esthetic posts, lack of studies on their fracture resistance has limited their clinical use. This study aimed to compare the effect of two types of esthetic posts namely zirconia and zirconia enriched glass fiber composite posts on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth against compressive forces.   Methods: This in vitro study was conducted o...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to mix dental ceramic powder in varying ratios and evaluate the effect of the mixing ratio on color and translucency. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ceramic powder of shade A3 of the same product was mixed with the shade A2 of three products: IPS e.max Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Vintage Halo (SHOFU Inc., Kyoto, Japan), and Ceramco 3 (Ceram...

Fracture resistance of inlays and onlays may be influenced by the quantity of the dental structure removed and the restorative materials used. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of two different cavity preparation designs and all-ceramic restorative materials on the fracture resistance of the tooth-restoration complex. Fifty mandibular third molar teeth were randomly...

Statement of the problem: Fluorescein is a plaque detection agent, which fluoresces yellow-green when excited with blue light (dental light curing lamp). Little is known about the reproducibility of scoring with the Silness-Löe plaque index (1964) when using this agent. Purpose of the study: To evaluate the level of agreement of the plaque index measurements using a fluorescent colouring agent ...