A 54-year-old male with ankylosing spondylitis presented with complaints of progressively worsening bilateral leg weakness and difficulty ambulating of 2-week duration. He also felt a sharp, electric, shock-like sensation radiating from his lower back into his legs upon flexing the trunk. There was no history of trauma or other inciting events within the 2 weeks prior to presentation. Thoracic ...

Most previous attempts at reconstructing the past history of human populations did not explicitly take geography into account or considered very simple scenarios of migration and ignored environmental information. However, it is likely that the last glacial maximum (LGM) affected the demography and the range of many species, including our own. Moreover, long-distance dispersal (LDD) may have be...

BACKGROUND Cowden syndrome is characterized by multiple hamartomas in various tissues, including the skin, brain, breast, thyroid, mucous membrane, and gastrointestinal tract, and is reported to increase the risk of malignant disease. CASE PRESENTATION We describe the case of a 52-year-old woman in whom a tumor was diagnosed in the left cerebellar hemisphere and treated by surgical resection....

Following lumbar extradural analgesia with 0.5% bupivacaine, the placental transfer of bupivacaine was examined in 40 women undergoing elective and 40 women undergoing emergency Caesarean section. Within each group, the patients received randomly either plain bupivacaine or bupivacaine with adrenaline 1 in 200,000. Plasma bupivacaine concentrations were measured in blood samples taken simultane...

INTRODUCTION Epiphysiodesis has become one of the most popular methods in the treatment of leg length discrepancy (LLD) due to its surgical simplicity, short hospitalization time, and a low risk of complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 34 patients treated for LDD with percutaneus epiphisiodesis of the distal femur and/or the proximal tibia. The mean dis...

The spatial variability of three indicators of learning and developmental disability (LDD) was assessed for Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Maternal reports of receiving special education services, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and educational attainment were available for a birth cohort from 1969-1983. Using generalized additive models and residential history, maps of the odds of LDD were...

Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy is an ageing, degenerative spinal condition and a common cause of myelopathy in adults, with the average age presentation being 56 years. This case report was on 63-year man who apparently healthy until he presented grade v Nurick Classification System for Myelopathy. Lhermitte Sign present. The clinical presentations were motor deficit upper limbs (ULs), lower (...

BACKGROUND Cancer risk and Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) risk estimates for Cowden syndrome (CS) are broad and based on a small number of patients. Risk estimates are vital to the development of diagnostic criteria, genetic counseling, and cancer surveillance. To further elaborate and estimate the risks associated with CS, a large cohort of patients was evaluated. METHODS CS patients were id...

PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene mutated in many human sporadic cancers and in hereditary cancer syndromes such as Cowden disease, Bannayan-Zonana syndrome and Lhermitte-Duclos disease. The major substrate of PTEN is PIP3, a second messenger molecule produced following PI3K activation induced by variety of stimuli. PIP3 activates the serine-threonine kinase PKB/Akt which is involved in anti-apop...