In the Vanity of the Philosopher, Sandra Peart and David Levy reconsider “postclassical” economics from the vantage point of Adam Smith’s “analytical” egalitarianism. Analytical egalitarianism is assumed, not proved; and Peart and Levy’s criticisms of many 19and early 20-century economists, as well as eugenics in general, depend on equivocating between analytical and substantive egalitarianism....