background: hyperbilirubinemia is a common physiological problem in approximately 80% of preterm infants during the first week after birth. increase in bowel movements reduces enterohepatic circulation and increases bilirubin excretion. aim: this study aimed to evaluate the effects of field massage technique on bilirubin level and the number of defecations in preterm infants method: this clinic...

poor inhaler technique is a common problem both in asthmatic patients and healthcare providers, which contributes to poor asthma control. this study was performed to evaluate the adequacy of metered-dose inhaler (mdi) technique in a sample of physicians and nurses practicing in hospitals of hamadan university of medical sciences. a total of 173 healthcare providers voluntary participated in thi...

â â â  â â â â â  abstract: â  up to now, the impact of real exchange rate on the non-oil exports of iran has been mainly on focus. however, the more important aspect of the fluctuations in exchange rate is its degree of volatility which can have profound effect on the non-oil exports. hence, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the linkage between non-oil exports and the real exc...

background nasal valve collapse and especially internal nasal valve insufficiency is a common cause of nasal airway obstruction. this study compares the effects of spreader graft and overlapping lateral crural technique on rhinoplasty by rhinomanometry. methods fifty patients were randomly assigned into two groups and underwent spreader graft or overlapping lateral crural technique. objective a...

background:  few clinical trials have studied the functional and cosmetic outcomes of different closure tech- niques of surgical incisions. skin wound and incision closure methods may influence the healing process and cos- metic outcome. the present study aims at comparing three different suture techniques of skin closure. methods: in a clinical trial, sixty patients with anterior cruciate liga...

the patients’ rights status is one of the essential elements in defining norms related to the concept of clinical governance system. in addition, the patients’ rights status is an important index for quality of care offered in the health care system. however, the lack of a coherent instrument makes it difficult to evaluate patients’ rights status in hospitals and clinics. the aim of this study ...