In normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes the occurrence of a high rate of aerobic glycolysis with a concomitant large formation of lactic acid has been demonstrated (1, 2) and the enzymes and intermediates of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway have been isolated and identified (3-5). There are indications for the presence and activity of the Krebs cycle, but the contribution of this cycle to metabolism ...

The ability of a cell or organism to direct its movement along a chemical gradient has fascinated biologists for over 100 yr. This process of chemotaxis requires transformation of directional information from the environment into a series of cellular responses resulting in directional movement. Many lower organisms including bacteria, protozoa, and slime molds exhibit chemotaxis. This ability h...

Leukotaxis may be defined as the directional migration of leukocytes toward a chemotactic stimulus and is believed to represent the means by which a massive influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes occurs in an area of inflammation (30). The attraction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes is brought about by a series of effector substances involving complement components (27), bacterial culture filtra...

Here, we used a sheep bioassay to determine the effect of freezing colostrum to prevent the transmission of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) among neonatal calves. Leukocytes were isolated from the colostrum of a BLV-infected Holstein cow and were then either left untreated (control) or freeze-thawed. A sheep inoculated intraperitoneally with the untreated leukocytes was infected with BLV at 3 weeks...

INTRODUCTION.............................................................. 205 SMOKING, AIR POLLUTION AND IMMUNE FUNCTION-ANIMAL MODELS .. 205 In Vitro Effects on Leukocytes ................. ............... 205 In Vivo Effects on Leukocytes ................................ 206 Resistance to Challenge In Vivo ................... ............. 205 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses .............

It has become apparent that in the ovary, the immune system contributes to the regulation of gonadal function. Leukocytes present within the ovary may constitute potential in-situ modulators of ovarian function that act through local secretion of regulatory soluble factors. These factors include numerous cytokines that largely originate by the action of immune cells within the ovary. Actual rup...

In acute inflammatory responses, selectins mediate initial rolling of neutrophils (PMNs) along the endothelial surface. This is followed by tight adhesion that requires activationdependent up-regulation of CD11/CD18 integrins on PMNs. For emigration to occur, the initial bonds that are established at the endothelial surface must be disengaged. We show that activation of PMNs results in their de...

Rat peritoneal eosinophils were examined after intraperitoneal infusion either of a mixture of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and colloidal gold or of fetal calf serum. These cells characteristically contained vesiculotubular structures, cuplike structures, and small granules during centrifugation. The cup-shaped structures and elaborate labyrinths of vacuole-like spaces increased markedly aft...

By L. A. MOUNTER AND WASFI ATIYEH T HE EXISTENCE of considerable proteolvtic activities associated with leukocytes has previously been reported, but little characterization of the enzymes has been carried out.13 Experiments with leukocyte preparations using newer enzyme inhibitors are very limited and it seemed probable that improved characterization might result from studies of this type. It w...

Human C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein that binds to receptors on human and mouse leukocytes. We have recently determined that the high and low affinity receptors for CRP on human leukocytes are FcgRIIa and FcgRI, respectively. Previous work by others suggested that CRP receptors on mouse macrophages are distinct from FcgR. We have taken advantage of the availability of mice d...