The rapid advance in genetic sequencing technologies has provided an unprecedented amount of data on the biodiversity of meiofauna. It was hoped that these data would allow the identification and counting of species, distinguished as tight clusters of similar genomes. Surprisingly, this appears not to be the case. Here, we begin a theoretical discussion of this phenomenon, drawing on an individ...

This report gives a lower bound of entanglement cost for antisymmetric states of bipartite d-level systems to be log 2 d d−1 ebit (for d = 3, Ec ≥ 0.585 . . . ). The paper [1] claims that the value is equal to one ebit for d = 3 , since all of the eigenvalues of reduced matrix of any pure states affiliating to H − is not greater than 2 −N thus the von Neumann entropy is not less than N , but th...

Singly dissected twitch fibers from frog muscle were studied on an optical bench apparatus after micro-injection with the pH indicator dye, phenol red. Dye-related absorbances in myoplasm, denoted by A0(lambda) and A90(lambda), were estimated as a function of wavelength lambda (450 nm less than or equal to lambda less than or equal to 640 nm) with light polarized parallel (0 degrees) and perpen...

Bananas are cultivated in more than 120 countries and on the five continents in tropical and subtropical areas [7]. Bananas production is the fourth most significant of the world in terms of tonnage, after rice, wheat and maize. In 2013, world production was estimated at more than 106 million tons, of which 2 million produced in Caribbean [8]. However, only a small part is produced for commerci...