Neglected tropical diseases encompass a group of chronic and debilitating infectious that primarily affect marginalized populations. Among these diseases, leprosy leishmaniasis are endemic in numerous countries can result severe disfiguring manifestations. Although there have been reports indicating higher incidence males, the underlying factors contributing to this observation remain unclear. ...

6 1 Global Overview of Leishmaniasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 1.1 Disease Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 1.2 Disease Incidence/Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

The relevance of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) to global poverty and political instability has ignited interest in this group of diseases with the emergence of terms and concepts such as ‘One Health’ and ‘Leaving no one behind’ [1]. Importantly, this led to the materialization of concrete programs and initiatives aiming at control, elimination or even eradication of some NTDs, most notable...

Canine visceral leishmaniasis poses important concerns for public health and veterinary medicine in many areas of the world. Resistance to it seems to be associated with cellular specific immune responses of the so-called Th1 type. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is one of the most potent inducers of Th1 type of immune responses to co-administered antigens. Herein, the cloning of canine IL-12, as a sing...

background: leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease, that due to the incidence, dissemination and scattering throughout different parts of iran is of paramount importance. this study was carried out with the aim of determining the epidemiology of leishmaniasis cutaneous in khatam during 2008-2012. methods: this is a cross-sectional and retrospective study of collected demographic and epidemiologic...

background: cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected parasitic disease, which imposes massive human distress and financial costs to the endemic countries. better understanding of host immune response to the parasite leads to helpful strategies for disease control. interleukin (il)-10 and transforming growth factor (tgf)-β are important immune regulatory cytokines, which appear to develop non-heal...

In this paper, we present spatial analysis of the association between all incidents cases of human Visceral Leishmaniasis and seropositive dogs, from 1994 to 1997 in Belo Horizonte, a large Brazilian city. We geocoded 158 human cases and 11,048 seropositive dogs and compared canine prevalence rates with Human Bayesian Incidence rates in the same areas. We also used Knox's test to evaluate the h...

Euthanasia of seropositive dogs has been one of the principal measures adopted by the Program for the Control of Leishmaniasis in Brazil for many years. However, its efficacy is currently being questioned. We obtained intact skin samples from 20 Leishmania-reactive dogs from the municipality of Rio de Janeiro that had been referred for euthanasia. The promastigote forms of Leishmania were isola...

Leishmaniasis, caused by infection with parasites of the Leishmania genus, affects millions of individuals worldwide. This disease displays distinct clinical manifestations ranging from self-healing skin lesions to severe tissue damage. The control of Leishmania infection is dependent on cellular immune mechanisms, and evidence has shown that CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes play different roles in th...